氘和tri虫之间的差异

Thekey differencebetween deuterium and tritium is thatdeuterium nucleus has oneneutronwhereas tritium nucleus has two neutrons.

Hydrogen是元素周期表中的第一个也是最小的元素，我们表示为H。它具有一个电子和一个质子。由于其电子配置：1S1，我们可以在第1组和周期1中对其进行分类。氢可以占据电子以形成带负电的离子，或者可以轻松捐赠电子以产生带正电荷的质子。如果没有，它可以共享电子以建立共价键。由于这种能力，氢存在于大量分子中，并且是地球上高度丰富的元素。氢有三个isotopesas protium-1H (no neutrons), deuterium-2H (one neutron) and tritium- 3H (two neutrons). Protium is the most abundant among these three, having about 99% relative abundance.

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What is Deuterium
3.什么是tritium
4.Side by Side Comparison – Deuterium vs Tritium in Tabular Form
5.概括

什么是氘？

氘是一个of the isotopes of hydrogen. It is a stable isotope with 0.015% natural abundance. There is a proton and a neutron in the nucleus of deuterium. Therefore, its mass number is two, and the atomic number is one. We call this isotope as heavy hydrogen and is shown as 2H. However, most commonly, we represent it with D.

Deuterium can exist as a diatomic gaseous molecule with the chemical formula D2. However, the possibility of joining two D atoms in nature is low due to the lower abundance of it. Therefore, this isotope mostly binds with a 1H atom making a gas -HD (hydrogen deuteride). Also, two deuterium atoms can bind with oxygen to form the water analog D2O, which we callheavy water.

Moreover, molecules with deuterium show different chemical and physical properties than the hydrogen analog of them. For example, it can exhibit a kinetic isotope effect. Furthermore, deuterated compounds show characteristic differences in NMR, IR and mass spectroscopy; therefore, we can identify it using those methods. Also, deuterium has a spin of one. Therefore, in NMR, the coupling of this isotope gives a triplet. Moreover, it absorbs a different IR frequency than hydrogen in IR spectroscopy. Due to the large mass difference, in mass spectroscopy, deuterium can be distinguished from hydrogen.

什么是tritium?

Tritium is the isotope of hydrogen whose mass number is three. Therefore, the nucleus of tritium has one proton and two neutrons. It only exists in trace amount in nature due to its radioactivity. Because of this reason, it has to be produced artificially for practical usage.

Tritium is a radioactive isotope (this is the only radioactive isotope of hydrogen). It has a half-life of 12 years, and it decays by emitting a beta particle to produce helium-3. The atomic mass of this isotope is 3.0160492. Besides, it exists as a gas (HT) at standard temperature and pressure. Also, it can form the oxide (HTO), which we call “tritiated water.” Tritium is useful in making nuclear weapons and as a tracer in biological and environmental studies.

What is the Difference Between Deuterium and Tritium?

Deuterium and tritium are two isotopes of hydrogen. The key difference between deuterium and tritium is that the deuterium nucleus has one neutron whereas tritium nucleus has two neutrons. Furthermore, the mass number of deuterium is 2.0135532 while the mass number of tritium is 3.0160492. So, this is another significant difference between deuterium and tritium.

Moreover, a further difference between deuterium and tritium is that the deuterium is a stable isotope and we can find it in nature whereas tritium is aradioactive isotope我们在本质上找不到它。但是，我们可以人为地生产用于实际使用的方法。

概括– Deuterium vs Tritium

Deuterium and tritium are isotopes of the chemical element hydrogen. The key difference between deuterium and tritium is that Deuterium nucleus has one neutron whereas tritium nucleus has two neutrons. Moreover, tritium is radioactive while deuterium is a stable isotope.

Reference:

1. Helmenstine，Anne Marie博士“氘的事实。”ThinkCo，2019年4月2日，Available here.

Image Courtesy:

1. Bruceblaus的“ Blausen 0527氢2氘” - 自己的工作(CC BY 3.0)viaCommons Wikimedia
2. “Protium deuterium tritium” By Lamiot for french version, from Dirk Hünniger – self, translation from Dirk Hünniger (german wikipedia)(CC BY-SA 3.0)viaCommons Wikimedia