Difference Between Chlorine Atom and Chloride Ion

氯Atom vs Chloride Ion

The elements in the periodic table are not stable except the noble gases. Therefore, elements try to react with other elements, to gain the noble gas electron configuration to achieve stability. Likewise, chlorine also has to get an electron to achieve the electron configuration of the noble gas, Argon. All metals react with chlorine, forming chlorides. Except some similarities, Chlorine and chloride has different physical and chemical properties due to the change of one electron.

氯Atom

氯is an element in the periodic table which is denoted by Cl. It is a halogen (17^thgroup) in the 3^rdperiod of the periodic table. The atomic number of chlorine is 17; thus, it has seventeen protons and seventeen electrons. Its electron configuration is written as 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁵. Since thepsub level should have 6 electrons to obtain the Argon noble gas electron configuration, chlorine has the ability to attract an electron. Chlorine has a very high electro negativity, which is about 3, according to the Pauling scale. The atomic weight of chlorine is 35.453 amu. Under room temperature, chlorine exists as a diatomic molecule (Cl₂). Cl₂is a yellow – greenish color gas. Chlorine has a melting point of -101.5 °C and a boiling point of -34.04 °C. Among all the chlorine isotopes, Cl-35 and Cl-37 are the most stable isotopes. In the atmosphere,³⁵Cl present in 75.77% and³⁷Cl present in 24.23%. When chlorine gas is dissolved in water, it forms hydrochloric acid and hypochlorous acid, which are highly acidic. Chlorine has all the oxidation numbers varying from -1 to +7.

Chloride Ion

Chloride is the resulted anion when chlorine abstracts an electron from another electropositive element. Chloride is represented by the symbol Cl^–. Chloride is a monovalent ion with -1 charge. Therefore, it has 18 electrons and seventeen protons. The electron configuration of chloride is 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶. Chloride exists in ionic compounds such as sodium chloride, calcium chloride and HCl, which are ionic. Chloride also exists naturally in water sources, and this is the most common anion in the nature. There is a considerable amount of chloride ions in sea water. Chloride ions can participate in conducting electricity through solvents.

What is the difference between氯Atom and Chloride Ion? •氯离子是氯原子的还原形式。与17个氯电子相比，氯化物具有18个电子，并且都有17个质子。因此，氯化物具有负（-1）电荷，而氯是中性的。 • Since there is an additional electron in the chloride ion than the atom, the ionic radius differs from the atomic radius of chlorine. With additional electron in the outer shell, chloride ion tends to expand due to the electron repulsion between each other. This causes an increase in ionic radius for chloride than the chlorine atomic radius. • Chlorine is more chemically reactive than chloride because it is more unstable. • Chloride has achieved the Argon electron configuration, therefore, stable than the chlorine atom. •将氯离子吸引到带正电的电极或其他带电的化学物种中，但氯不会吸引。