白内障与青光眼
青光眼和白内障是两种常见的眼睛疾病。仅仅因为这些是如此普遍,并且与糖尿病等常见疾病有关,因此了解两者之间的差异很重要。本文介绍了青光眼和白内障的临床特征,症状,原因,诊断和治疗方法,并解释了青光眼和白内障之间的差异。
在研究疾病之前,了解眼睛的解剖结构很有用。眼睛是一个复杂的感觉器官。它被称为巩膜的强纤维外层覆盖。巩膜在眼前是透明的,可以制成角膜。在角膜后面,有一个充满水性幽默的前室。睫状体,瞳孔和虹膜受到睫状体的后部限制。在学生的后面,镜头通过纤维带连接到睫状体上。镜头后面,后室充满了玻璃体幽默。后室的后侧由视网膜和一层提供视网膜的血管衬里。
青光眼
青光眼房水的过度压力the anterior compartment of the eye. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body and the pupil. It travels across the anterior chamber and goes out through the angle between the cornea and the ciliary body. There are three basic mechanisms that increase the pressure of aqueous humor; increased secretion, poor drainage, and mass effects. The epithelium secretes aqueous humor excessively when it is inflamed. The angle and the canal of Shclemn may get obstructed, and choroid may absorb aqueous humor slower than normal. The angle may be open or closed; thus there are two types of glaucoma; open and closed angle glaucoma. Glaucoma due to excessive secretion falls into the open angle variety. Obstruction of the angle reduces drainage, and it is a closed angle type of glaucoma.
青光眼可能急性或长期存在。急性闭角青光眼是紧急情况,需要立即治疗。在急性青光眼,患者表现出痛苦的红眼,视力模糊。同一侧可能会有相关的头痛。眼球触摸柔软,并且瞳孔扩张,固定,角膜朦胧,缝隙灯检查是诊断性的。慢性青光眼is a silent killer of vision. Because there is no pain, the patient usually presents when the vision starts to deteriorate.
青光眼的治疗很复杂。由于眼瞄准器对于平衡和姿势控制至关重要,因此应采取所有步骤来保持其他感觉以确保平衡控制。前列腺素类似物通过角度增加水流。β受体阻滞剂和碳酸酐酶抑制剂降低了水性分泌。青光眼手术包括管道成形术,激光手术,排水植入物,深索菌切开术和小梁切除术。
Cataract
在白内障中,镜头变得不透明。它是与年龄相关的视力丧失的最常见原因。由于先天性风疹综合征等条件,它也可能发生在新生儿。白内障是由于晶状体蛋白质的变性和变性引起的,衰老,钝性创伤,放射线,药物(类固醇,miotics)和代谢性疾病。患者表现出缓慢的视力模糊。Diabetesincreases the risk and hastens the age of onset. Treating causative conditions may slow the progression of cataract. In most cases, the lens needs to be replaced to regain full vision.
青光眼和白内障之间有什么区别?
•青光眼是水压升高,白内障是透镜变得不透明。
•青光眼在中年个体中很常见,而白内障在老年人中很常见。
• Acute glaucoma causes painful red eye while cataract does not.
•青光眼失去视力的丧失可能不会恢复,而在白内障中,视力替代镜头的视力回报。
•在手术是白内障的确定治疗的同时,可以对青光眼进行医学治疗。
谢谢您的这篇信息丰富的文章,我今年76岁,我的眼科医生告诉我,我可能需要白内障手术。这是如何完成的,有什么风险?