原子光谱和分子光谱之间的差异|比较类似术语之间的差异

这关键区别在原子光谱和分子光谱之间是atomic spectroscopy refers to the study of theelectromagnetic radiation被原子吸收并发射，而分子光谱法是指对分子吸收和发射的电磁辐射的研究。

电磁波由电场和磁场相互振荡。因此，我们所谓的电磁频谱是全范围的电磁辐射波长。在光谱实验中，我们使用特定波长的电磁辐射来分析样品。在那里，我们让电磁辐射通过我们的样品，其中包含感兴趣的化学物种。

1。概述和关键差异
2。什么是原子光谱
3。What is Molecular Spectroscopy
4。Side by Side Comparison – Atomic Spectroscopy vs Molecular Spectroscopy in Tabular Form
5。Summary

什么是原子光谱？

原子光谱是指原子吸收和发射的电磁辐射的研究。由于化学元素具有独特的光谱，因此我们可以使用该技术来分析样品中元素的组成。

电子处于原子的某些能级。我们将这些能量水平称为原子轨道。这些能级是量化的，而不是连续的。原子轨道中的电子可以通过吸收或释放其能量从一个能级移动到另一能级。但是，电子吸收或排放的能量应等于两个能级之间的能量差（电子将在其之间移动）。

Figure 01: Electromagnetic Spectrum

Since each and every chemical element has a unique number of electrons at their ground state, an atom will absorb or release energy in a pattern unique to its elemental identity. Therefore, they will absorb/emit photons in a correspondingly unique pattern. Then we can determine the elemental composition of a sample by measuring the changes in light wavelength and light intensity.

什么是分子光谱？

分子光谱学是指的研究electromagnetic radiation absorbed and emitted by molecules. The molecules in the sample can absorb some wavelengths that we pass through the sample and can move to a higher energy state from the existing lower energy state. The sample will absorb particular wavelengths but not all, depending on the chemical composition of the sample. Therefore, the non-absorbed wavelengths pass on through the sample. Then, depending on the absorbed wavelengths and the intensity of absorption, we can determine the nature of the energetic transitions that a molecule is able to undergo, and therefore, gather the information about its structure.