Key Difference – APA vs Harvard Referencing
Referencing is an important activity that should be accurately known by academic researchers and students. Academic work is supported by a massive reading of other authors in a specific research area where the work of prior scholars should be cited in the study in order to provide more credibility and to showcase gaps in existing literature. APA and Harvard referencing are two of the most popular referencing methods. Every referencing system is different from one another. The key difference between APA and Harvard referencing is thatAPA引用风格主要用于引用教育,社会和行为科学相关的学术工作whereas主要用于acade哈佛引用风格mic scientific writing.
内容
1.Overview and Key Difference
2.什么是APA引用
3.What is Harvard Referencing
4。Side by Side Comparison – APA vs Harvard Referencing in Tabular Form
5。概括
什么是APA引用?
APA引用是由美国心理学会于1929年引入的。这种风格主要用于教育,社会和行为科学。参考文献应在本文材料的正文中(文本)和文本末尾按字母顺序排列的单独列表中进行。APA参考指南提供了有关方式的详细信息引用来自许多来源,例如journals, books, conference proceedings and websites.
In Text Reference
Single Author
“ Heider的平衡和改变理论在研究一对犹太夫妇如何在考虑购买德国汽车时如何有意识地应对纳粹主义和大屠杀的自动意识检索(Holt,2002)”。
多个作者
“Several previous studies may introduce researcher/experimenter biases (Shimp, Hyatt, & Snyder, 1991) in informant reports”.
如果有两个作者,则应提及两个作者的姓氏。如果有两到五位作者,则所有作者首次被引用时都应由最后一个名称引用。从那时起,只有第一个作者的姓氏,其后是“等人”一词。(等人是拉丁语的“和其他”)应包括后续参考。如果作者的数量为六个或更多,则仅是第一个作者的姓氏,然后是等。应该在整个文本中提及。
参考文献列表
Single Author
Holt,D。B.(2002)。为什么品牌会引起麻烦?消费者文化和品牌发展的辩证理论。消费者研究杂志,29,70–90
多个作者
Shimp,T.,Hyatt,E。,&Snyder,D。(1991)。对消费者研究中需求文物的批判性评估。消费者研究杂志,18,273–283
哈佛大学是什么?
An ambiguity exists regarding the formation of the Harvard referencing system; certain sources state that it is said to be developed by a zoologist named Edward Lawrens Mark. Despite its origination, the style was first widely used by the Harvard University, which explains how the style got its name. Similar to APA, Harvard referencing also requires in text citation and a reference list. Harvard referencing system is widely used for citation of the source materials in scientific writing. Every referencing system is different from the other in some way.
In Text Reference
Single Author
“差异化的目的是通过降低价格敏感性或达到价格溢价来获得卓越的利润(Sharp,2001年)。
多个作者
“Most of this research has studied the impact of relationship characteristics and facets of relationship management on new product development (Stump et al., 2002)”.
如果有两个作者,则应提及两个作者的姓氏。如果有两个以上的作者,则仅应提及第一作者的姓氏,并且在整个文本中都应使用“等”。
参考文献列表
Single Author
Sharp, B. (2001), “What is differentiation and how does it work?”, Journal of Marketing Management, Vol. 17 Nos 7/8, pp. 739-59.
多个作者
Stump, R.L., Athaide, G.A. and Joshi, A.W. (2002), “Managing seller-buyer new product development relationships for customized products: a contingency model based on transaction cost analysis and empirical test”, The Journal of Product Innovation Management, Vol. 19 No. 6, pp. 439-54.
APA和哈佛参考之间的相似之处
While there are a number of differences between the two styles, in general, both record the same types of information. These include the name of author/authors, year of publication, and name of the journal article/book chapter, name of the journal/book/report/website, volume, and issue and page numbers.
What is the difference between APA and Harvard Referencing?
APA vs Harvard Referencing |
|
APA引用风格主要用于引用教育,社会和行为科学相关的学术工作。 | 主要用于acade哈佛引用风格mic scientific writing. |
参考文献列表 | |
在APA引用中,材料末尾的参考列表称为“参考”。 | In Harvard referencing, the list of references at the end of the material is named ‘Reference List’. |
作者数量 | |
在APA引用中,文本中使用“等”来指示当作者数量超过两个时,后续作者。 | In Harvard referencing, if there are more than two authors ‘et al’ is used throughout the text. |
摘要 - APA与哈佛参考
The difference between APA and Harvard referencing can be seen in a number of aspects since there are multiple minor differences between the two. The way two styles record author information is a notable difference. Both referencing styles undergo changes from time to time and the way of referencing is updated. Thus, differences can be found within the same style when comparing former and latest material.
Download PDF Version of APA vs Harvard Referencing
You can download PDF version of this article and use it for offline purposes as per citation notes. Please download PDF version hereDifference Between APA and Harvard Referencing.
参考:
1.“ APA参考指南。”APA参考指南 - 南部昆士兰州大学。N.P.,N.D。网络。Available here。2017年6月5日。
2.“指南:哈佛引文风格:简介。”简介 - 哈佛引文风格 - 西澳大利亚大学的指南。N.P.,N.D。网络。Available here。2017年6月5日。
3. Chernin, Eli. “The “Harvard system”: a mystery dispelled.” Bmj 297.6655 (1988): 1062-063. Web.Available here。2017年6月5日。
伊曼纽尔·海格拉(Emmanuel Hagrela)说
This is quite good and enriching. Kindly send a clear format of Harvard referencing so that i should use for academic purposes