Difference Between ABO and Rh Blood Grouping System

Thekey differencebetween ABO and Rh blood grouping system is thatABO血液分组系统基于存在或不存在antigens A and Bon the surface of the红细胞, while Rh blood grouping system is based on the presence or absence of the Rh antigen (Rh factor) on the cell membranes of the red blood cells.

ABO和RH血液分组系统根据红细胞膜上的存在和不存在抗原对血型进行分类。ABO血液分组系统考虑了A和B抗原的存在和不存在，而RH血液分组系统则认为RH抗原的存在和不存在。ABO系统是用于与输血医学中的血型供体和接收器相匹配的最重要的血液组系统。RH系统是第二重要的血分组系统。

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What is ABO Blood Grouping System
3.什么是RH血液分组系统
4.Similarities Between ABO and Rh Blood Grouping System
5.并排比较 - ABO与RH血液分组系统以表格形式
6.概括

What is ABO Blood Grouping System?

ABO blood grouping system classifies blood groups based on the presence of one, both or neither of the A and B antigens on erythrocytes (red blood cells). This blood grouping system was discovered by Karl Landsteiner in 1901. According to the ABO blood grouping system, a person may carry typeA, type B, type O, or type AB blood. Once this system was identified, blood transfusions became safer. The blood type O does not express A or B antigens, while the blood type AB expresses both A and B antigens. The blood type B expresses B antigens while blood type A expresses A antigens. A single gene called ABO gene located on chromosome 9 at 9q34.1-q34.2 codes for ABO blood groups. It has three main allelic forms: A, B, and O.

ABO system is used to match the blood type of donor and receiver in blood transfusions. People with O blood group are considered universal donors since they can donate blood to anyone. People with AB blood group can accept blood from any donor. Hence, they are universal recipients. People with type A or B can receive the matching blood or type O blood.

什么是RH血液分组系统?

Rh blood grouping system is the second most important blood grouping system after the ABO system. It is based on the presence and absence of Rh factor or immunogenic D-antigen on the red blood cell membranes. If the Rh antigen is present, the blood type is Rh positive. When the Rh factor is absent, the blood type is Rh negative.

There are more than 50 defined antigens in the Rh blood grouping system. However, D antigen is one of the greatest concerns. Other important antigens are C, c, E, and e. Two linked genes; RhD and RhCE code for Rh antigens. Rh factor is the main cause of hemolytic disease in newborns (HDN).

ABO和RH血液分组系统之间有什么相似之处？

• ABO and Rh blood grouping systems classify blood groups based on antigens present on red blood cells.
• Both systems are used during the blood transfusion.

ABO和RH血液分组系统有什么区别？

ABO血液分组系统是最重要的血型系统，它根据红细胞上A和B抗原的存在和不存在对血型进行分类。另一方面，RH血液分组系统是第二个最重要的血型系统，该系统根据红细胞上RH抗原的存在和不存在对血液组进行了分类。因此，这是ABO和RH血液分组系统之间的关键区别。此外，一个名为ABO基因的单个基因代码为ABO系统的抗原，而两个链接的基因RHD和RHCE是RH抗原代码。因此，这是ABO和RH血液分组系统之间的另一个重要差异。

The below infographic tabulates the difference between ABO and Rh blood grouping system for side by side comparison.

概括– ABO vs Rh Blood Grouping System

ABO blood grouping system is the most important blood-group system in transfusion medicine. This system classifies blood groups based on the presence and absence of A and B antigens on the surface of red blood cells. There are four types of blood groups (A, B, AB and O) in the ABO system. Rh blood grouping system is the second most important blood grouping system. It is based on the presence and absence of Rh antigen on the red blood cell membranes. If the Rh factor is present, an individual is rhesus positive (Rh+ve). If the Rh factor is absent, the individual is rhesus negative(Rh-ve). Thus, this is the summary of the difference between ABO and Rh blood grouping system.

Reference:

1.院长，劳拉。“ Abo Blood群体。”血型和红细胞抗原[互联网]，美国国家医学图书馆，1970年1月1日，Available here.
2. Dean, Laura. “The Rh Blood Group.” Blood Groups and Red Cell Antigens [Internet]., U.S. National Library of Medicine, 1 Jan. 1970,Available here.

Image Courtesy:

1. “ABO blood type” By InvictaHOG – Own work (Public Domain) viaCommons Wikimedia

2. Sophiedionne14的“ RH血细胞绘制” - 自己的工作(CC BY-SA 4.0)viaCommons Wikimedia