What is the Difference Between ZFN TALEN and CRISPR

Thekey difference在ZFN TALEN和CRISPR之间is that ZFN is a man-made gene editing technique based on Zinc finger nucleases composed of a zinc finger domain and a Fok1endonuclease领域。同时，塔伦（Talen）是一种基于融合蛋白的人造基因编辑技术，由细菌故事蛋白和fok1核酸内切酶组成，CRISPR是一种天然RNA的基于RNA的细菌防御机制，由两种类型的类型RNAs和相关的CAS蛋白。

基因编辑工具基于由序列特异性结合域和非特异性DNA裂解模块组成的工程核酸酶。ZFN，TALEN和CRISPR是三种基因编辑技术。Zen和Talen是人造系统，而CRISPR是细菌中发生的自然系统。所有三个系统都识别序列和切割靶DNA。锌指核酸酶由锌指域和FOK1核酸内切酶组成。Talens由细菌故事蛋白和FOK1核酸内切酶组成。CRISPR由两个RNA（反式激活CRRNA和一个引导RNA）组成。

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What is ZFN
3.什么是塔伦
4.What is CRISPR
5.Similarities – ZFN TALEN and CRISPR
6.ZFN vs Talen vs CRISPR以表格形式
7。摘要 - ZFN vs Talen vs Crispr

What is ZFN?

ZFN是基于锌指核酸酶的基因编辑工具。锌指核酸酶是由FOKI限制性核酸内切酶的序列特异性DNA结合结构域和非特异性DNA切割结构域组成的嵌合核酸酶。这是一种人造的基因组编辑技术，可实现广泛的gene modificationsby inducing double-strand breaks in DNA.

ZFN is an important tool when introducing targeted alterations in plants and several crop species. It allows the incorporation of valuable traits into plants. Moreover, ZFN has a therapeutic potential since it is able to perform precise genetic modification to eliminate the symptoms effectively.

什么是塔伦?

Transcription activator-like nucleases (TALEN) is a gene editing tool that is based on chimeric nucleases similar to ZFN. It is also a man-made genome editing technology. TALEN induces gene modification by inducing double-strand breaks in DNA. TALENs are composed of sequence-specific DNA-binding domains fused to a non-specific DNA cleavage module. Therefore, it has FokI cleavage domains and DNA-binding domains derived from TALE proteins.

TALE proteins are naturally occurring in the bacterial genusXanthomonas. These proteins contain DNA binding domains comprised of a series of 33-35 amino acid repeat domains. One of the major advantages of TALEN over ZFN is that the binding specificity of the DNA binding domain can be altered in TALEN by making modifications to 33-34 amino acid repeats.

What is CRISPR?

CRISPR stands for簇状的调节插入的短质体重复序列. It is a natural RNA based defence mechanism executed in bacteria. In fact, it is a genome editing mechanism used especially against viruses. A virus or a foreign invader can activate this system in bacteria. CRISPR works together with theCRISPR-associated protein (Cas9).

CRISPR consists of two RNAs: trans-activating crRNA and a single guide RNA. Therefore, the recognition of CRISPR is dependent on both of these RNAs. When viral DNA enters a bacterial cell, the CRISPR locus produces guide RNA, which escorts Cas proteins to reach and bind with viral DNA and cleave at a specific location. Once viral DNA is cleaved, it becomes inactive due to the silencing of pathogenic DNA. Hence, the CRISPR system captures, cleaves and inactivates viruses with the help of Cas proteins.

CRISPR/CAS9用作基因组编辑系统。这是一项最近的技术。在其他基因组编辑技术中，这项技术非常简单，高效且具有成本效益。与ZFN和TALEN相比，CRISPR/CAS9系统是诱导靶向基因组改变的有效工具。

What are the Similarities Between ZFN TALEN and CRISPR?

• ZFN, TALEN, and CRISPR are gene editing techniques.
• 所有三个工具将是纠正许多疾病背后的遗传原因的有希望的技术。
• 然而,它们显示在目标约束,小鬼fect specificity, and gene-targeting.
• 这三个系统都可以诱导双链断裂。

What is the Difference Between ZFN TALEN and CRISPR?

ZFN是一种基于锌指核酸酶的基因编辑技术，而TALEN是一种基因编辑技术，基于由细菌故事蛋白和FOK1核酸内切核酸酶组成的融合蛋白，CRISPR是一种天然RNA基于RNA的细菌防御机制，由两种类型的RNA驱动和相关的CAS蛋白。因此，这是ZFN TALEN和CRISPR之间的关键区别。

The below infographic lists the differences between ZFN TALEN and CRISPR in tabular form for side by side comparison.

摘要 - ZFN vs Talen vs Crispr

ZFN, TALEN, and CRISPR are gene editing technologies. CRISPR is the recent technology that shows better efficiency, feasibility, and multi-role clinical application. Both ZFN and TALEN are man-made artificial tools, while CRISPR is a bacteria defence mechanism. Both ZFN and TALEN are engineered nucleases. CRISPR consists of two RNA types associating with Cas proteins. Thus, this is the summary of the difference between ZFN TALEN and CRISPR.

Reference:

1. GAJ，Thomas等。“ZFN, Talen, and CRISPR/CAS-Based Methods for Genome Engineering.” Trends in Biotechnology, U.S. National Library of Medicine, July 2013.
2. Khan, Sikandar Hayat. “基因组编辑技术：各种基因组编辑技术的概念，利弊和临床应用生物伦理问题.” Molecular Therapy – Nucleic Acids, Cell Press, 3 Apr. 2019.

Image Courtesy:

1.“”Engineered Nucleases” Farzad Jamshidi - PowerPoint(CC BY-SA 3.0)via Commons Wikimedia
2. “塔伦斯的概述” By Ogletreerd – Own work(CC BY-SA 4.0)via Commons Wikimedia
3. “Crispr” By James atmos – Own work(CC BY-SA 3.0)via Commons Wikimedia