卫生和灭菌之间有什么区别|比较类似术语之间的差异

这关键区别在卫生和灭菌之间is that sanitation reduces微生物灭菌完全破坏并消除各种形式的微生物时，至一个更安全的水平。

表面通常被微生物污染。清洁有助于我们保持卫生并控制感染的传播。卫生和灭菌是两种灭活和控制微生物在环境中传播的技术。卫生减少了病原通过清洁，洗涤和去除污垢等方法在表面上内容。灭菌会杀死或破坏表面上的所有微生物。

1。概述和关键差异
2。What is Sanitation
3。什么是灭菌
4。相似之处 - 卫生和灭菌
5。卫生与灭菌形式的灭菌
6。摘要 - 卫生与灭菌

什么是卫生？

卫生是指可以在维持卫生条件的同时安全处理人类废物的设施。卫生系统的主要重点是通过提供和维护清洁的环境来保护人类健康。这样可以防止疾病的传播腹泻through fecal matter. Ascariasis, cholera, hepatitis, schistosomiasis, polio, and trachoma are a few diseases that transmit through the fecal-oral route due to poor sanitation.

图01：卫生

卫生设施包括四个技术和非技术系统。它们是排泄物管理系统，废水管理系统，固体废物管理系统和雨水排水系统。卫生设施主要包括个人卫生和公共卫生。个人卫生设施包括清洁家庭废物，厕所废物和管理家庭垃圾。公共卫生设施包括收集垃圾，转移它们以及在市政固体废物管理中的治疗程序。卫生的全部目的是提供健康的生活环境，同时保护土壤，地下水和地表水等自然资源，并在小便和排便时为人们提供安全。

什么是灭菌？

Sterilization is the process of completely eliminating or destroying all forms of microorganisms. Microorganisms include bacteria, fungi, unicellular eukaryotes, spores, and other biological agents. There are various sterilization techniques, including heat, chemical sterilization, radiation sterilization, sterile filtration, and preservation of sterility. Sterilization through heat includes steaming, drying, flaming, incineration, tyndallization, and glass bead sterilization. Heat sterilization denatures and destroys microbes. Steaming uses saturated steam under pressure. Drying uses hot air that is free from water vapor at high temperatures. Flaming is carried out on instruments in laboratories. It includes the exposure of a flame to instruments. Incineration is a waste treatment process where the combustion of organic substances in waste materials takes place. Tyndallization is the boiling of water at atmospheric pressure, cooling, and incubating, and the process repeats several times. Glass bead sterilization works by heating glass beads up to 250 °C. It is also mainly used for laboratory instruments.

图02：通过冷冻和干燥单元进行灭菌

Chemical sterilization includes the usage of ethylene oxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and peracetic acid. Radiation sterilization includes electromagnetic radiation such as ultraviolet light, X-rays, and gamma rays. There are non-ionizing and ionizing radiation types. Sterile filtration is used on fluids that are damaged by heat, chemical sterilization, and irradiation. Microfiltration using membrane filters is used in this technique. Preservation of sterility includes sealing and packaging.

卫生和灭菌之间有什么相似之处？

卫生和灭菌是清洁的技术。
两者都有助于维护清洁的环境。
两者都会影响微生物生长的控制。
Sanitation and sterilization use chemical agents.
两者都攻击微生物细胞的各种成分。
此外,他们停止繁殖和灭活microbes.

卫生和灭菌有什么区别？

卫生会减少微生物，同时灭菌完全破坏并消除所有形式的微生物。因此，这是卫生和灭菌之间的关键区别。卫生是由诸如十二烷基苯甲酸钠，有机氯，次氯酸钠或次氯酸钙等化学物质进行的。灭菌技术涉及热量，化学灭菌，辐射灭菌，无菌过滤和保存无菌性。这是卫生和灭菌之间的另一个区别。此外，病毒和孢子在被灭菌杀死时不会受到卫生的影响。

以下信息图显示了以表格形式进行卫生和灭菌之间的差异。

摘要 - 卫生与灭菌

卫生减少了microorganism number on surfaces, while sterilization completely destroys and eliminates all forms of microorganisms from objects. Sanitation is carried out through chemicals such as sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, organic chlorine, sodium hypochlorite, or calcium hypochlorite. Sterilization, on the other hand, involves various techniques of sterilization, including heat, chemical sterilization, radiation sterilization, sterile filtration, and preservation of sterility. So, this summarizes the difference between sanitation and sterilization.