限制性核酸内切酶和外切核酸酶之间有什么区别|比较类似术语之间的差异

这限制性核酸内切酶和外切核酸酶之间的关键区别是限制性核酸内切酶是一种核酸酶酶，它识别特定的DNA序列并在该序列内部或邻近的DNA裂解，而外核酸酶是一种核酸酶酶，可裂解该核酸酶。nucleotides在一个多核苷酸from either 5’ end or 3’ end one at a time.

Nucleases are the enzymes that cleave磷酸酯键之间的核苷酸核酸。在生物体中，它们是细胞中DNA修复许多方面的重要工具。这些酶的缺陷会导致遗传不稳定性和免疫缺陷。限制核酸酶是特定的核酸酶，其功能取决于特定的核苷酸序列。一个例子是限制性核酸内切酶。基于活性基因座（例如内切核酸酶和外切核酸酶）有一个基本分类。核酸内切酶消化靶DNA分子中间的区域。核酸外切酶从末端消化核酸。因此，限制性核酸内切酶和外切核酸酶是两种类型的核酸酶酶。

1。概述和关键差异
2。What is Restriction Endonuclease
3。What is Exonuclease
4。相似性 - 限制性核酸内切酶和外切核酸酶
5。限制性核酸内切酶与表格形式的外切酶
6。摘要 - 限制性核酸内切酶与外切核酸酶

What is Restriction Endonuclease?

限制性核酸内切酶是一种核酸酶酶，识别特定的DNA序列并在该序列内部或邻近的DNA裂解。这specific DNA sequence is known as the restriction site. It is also called a restriction enzyme or restrictase. The restriction endonuclease is a very specific enzyme. It is one class of the broader endonuclease group of enzymes. Restriction endonucleases are commonly classified into five types, which differ in their structure and ability to cut the DNA substrate at the recognition site. The five types are type I, type II, type III, type IV and type V.

图01：限制性核酸内切酶

限制内切酶通常在bac发现teria and archaea. They provide a defence mechanism for bacteria against viruses. There are more than 3600 known restriction endonucleases. They represent over 250 different specificities. Over 3000 of these have been studied in detail. Furthermore, more than 800 of these are available commercially.

什么是核酸酶？

核酸外切酶是一种核酸酶酶，该酶一次从5'端或3'末端裂解核苷酸。这是通过水解反应发生的，该反应在末尾打破核苷酸之间的磷酸二酯键。真核生物和原核生物具有三种类型的外切除酶。这些外切酶参与mRNA的正常周转率。它们是5'至3'的外切酶（XRN1），3至5'外切酶，以及poly-a特定的3'至5’核酸酶。5'至3'外丝酶是一种依赖的替代蛋白。3'至5'外切核酸酶是一种独立的蛋白质。poly A特异性3'至5'外切核酸酶也称为poly-A特异性核糖核酸酶，参与聚-A尾的外核解液降解。

图02：外切酶

在古细菌和真核生物中，RNA降解是由多蛋白外泌体配合物进行的，该复合体由3'至5'的散核核酸酶组成。

限制性核酸内切酶和核酸酶之间有什么相似之处？

限制性核酸内切酶和外切核酸酶是两种类型的核酸酶酶。
Both enzymes cut DNA molecules.
这se enzymes are found in prokaryotes.
这y are proteins.

What is the Difference Between Restriction Endonuclease and Exonuclease?

Restriction endonuclease is a nuclease enzyme that recognizes a specific DNA sequence and cleaves the DNA within or adjacent to that sequence, while exonuclease is a nuclease enzyme that cleaves the nucleotides in a polynucleotide from either 5’ end or 3’ end one at a time. So, this is the key difference between restriction endonuclease and exonuclease. Moreover, restriction endonuclease is only found in prokaryotes, while exonuclease is found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

这following infographic lists the differences between restriction endonuclease and exonuclease in tabular form for side by side comparison.

摘要 - 限制性核酸内切酶与外切核酸酶

核酸酶是在核酸的核苷酸之间打破磷酸二酯键的酶。限制性核酸内切酶和外切核酸酶是两种类型的核酸酶酶。限制性核酸内切酶是一种核酸酶酶，识别特定的DNA序列并在该序列内部或邻近的DNA裂解。核酸外切酶是一种核酸酶酶，该酶一次从其5'端或3'末端裂解多核苷酸中的核苷酸。因此，这总结了限制性核酸内切酶和外切核酸酶之间的差异。

参考：

1。“限制性核酸内切酶。”概述|ScienceDirect主题。
2。Mason, Penelope A, and Lynne S Cox. “这Role of Dna Exonucleases in Protecting Genome Stability and Their Impact on Ageing。”年龄（荷兰多德雷赫特），荷兰施普林格，2012年12月。