War Crimes vs Crimes against Humanity
战争罪和危害人类罪是在敌对情况下犯罪的罪行,可能是国家内或州际。但是,很多waris abhorred, it remains a brutal reality. As with wars, there will always be casualties which can never be avoided. There is also the possibility of abuse during times of war, and in the past, these abuses have been sometimes left unnoticed. These acts of violence are more commonly referred to as war crimes. Other transgressions in conflicts that cause large-scale casualties,genocide, for example, are still considered as war crimes, but they are aptly called crimes against humanity.
What are War Crimes?
War crimes are defined as grave violations of the customary and treaty law with regards to international humanitarian law that are now considered as criminal offences for which there is individual responsibility. It can also be defined as the breach of established protocols and agreements and the non-adherence to the norms of procedure and rules of battle. Mistreatment of POWs and civilians are examples of what are considered as war crimes. The first formal statements concerning war crimes were established during the Hague and Geneva Conventions, but the earliest “international” tribunal concerning war crimes was held in the Holy Roman Empire in 1474. The definition of war crimes was further enhanced with the London Charter at the end of theSecond World War, and this charter was used in the Nuremberg Trials. The London Charter also went on to establish the meaning of crimes against humanity, which were common occurrences during times of war.
What are Crimes against Humanity?
Crimes against humanity are defined as any particular act that forms part of a grave attack on human dignity or severe humiliation or degradation of one or more human beings. What is worthwhile to know is that these offences are not isolated or sporadic, but are part of a government policy or that the government condones or ignores its occurrences. The persecution of humans based on their culture, race, religion or political beliefs also constitutes a crime against humanity. A good example of this is the Holocaust. Isolated inhumane offences of this nature may be categorized as violations against human rights or can be considered, depending on the situation, as war crimes, but may not exactly be considered as crimes against humanity.
What is the difference between War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity?
尽管这些术语是指在冲突时期实施的行为,但战争犯罪一词是一个更广泛的术语。反对人类的罪是指针对特定人群的行为,无论是因为他们的种族,宗教或政治取向,而政府被政府宽恕甚至促进。阿富汗的塔利班政权和苏丹和刚果政权是宽容或促进这些行动的政府的一些例子。另一方面,战争罪是任何违反战争条约或任何不遵守正常程序或议定书的法案的行为。枪击敌人或杀害平民是战争罪的例子。在纽伦堡审判之前,对战争罪和危害人类罪没有明确的责任,因此,有必要清楚地定义条款并设置在战争时期遵循的必要规则。因此,成立了国际军事法庭的伦敦宪章。
Summary:
War Crimes vs Crimes against Humanity
• War crimes and crimes against humanity are terms referring to inhumane acts committed during times of conflict.
• The international community condemns war crimes and crimes against humanity, and grave consequences are sanctioned by the United Nations to any country or organization that participate in these acts.
•与人类犯罪相比,战争犯罪是一个更广泛的术语。反对人类的犯罪是指针对特定群体的种族,宗教或政治取向的暴力行为。战争罪可能是任何可能属于该特定定义的暴力行为。
•危害人类犯罪也必须是政府政策的一部分,要么是由政府宽恕或促进的。另一方面,战争罪无需宽容肇事者政府。
•反人类罪行通常是由于to the government or country as a whole while war crimes can be attributed to a specific person.
• The definition of crimes against humanity includes the period before the war. Germany in World War II, for example, committed crimes against humanity before the global outbreak of World War II in their acts of violence against the Jewish people. War crimes, by definition, only include acts committed within the period of the war.
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