脐带干细胞和胚胎干细胞之间的差异

关键区别 - 脐带干细胞与胚胎干细胞

Stem cellsare the undifferentiated immature cells of multicellular organisms. They are capable of dividing and differentiating into specific cells or tissues. Stem cells can be differentiated from other cell types due to several reasons such as renewing themselves through细胞分裂，专门研究组织或器官以执行特定功能等。干细胞的这些特征是组织工程和疾病疗法的重要工具。它们也具有生物技术潜力。脐带干细胞和胚胎干细胞是用于疾病治疗和生物技术的两种干细胞。脐带干细胞是在血液和组织中看到的未分化细胞umbilical cord。胚胎干细胞是五到八天内未分化的细胞在vitro受精胚胎。The key difference between umbilical cord stem cells and embryonic stem cells is that脐带干细胞是多能然而胚胎干细胞是多能。

CONTENTS
1。概述和关键差异
2。什么是脐带干细胞
3。什么是胚胎干细胞
4。Side by Side Comparison – Umbilical Cord Stem Cells vs Embryonic Stem Cells
5。Summary

什么是脐带干细胞？

The umbilical cord is the flexible cord-like structure which connects human胎儿到胎盘of the mother. During the pregnancy period, nutrient rich oxygenated blood transfers from the placenta to the baby and nutrient depleted deoxygenated blood transfer from the baby to the placenta via the umbilical cord. The umbilical cord is composed of tissues and blood. Both tissue and blood contain undifferentiated cells called cord tissue stem cells and cord blood stem cells, respectively. They are the two main types of umbilical cord stem cells. Umbilical stem cells are powerful cells with the remarkable ability to regenerate or renew tissues. Hence, they are popular as therapeutic cells (personal repair kit) for more than 80 known diseases in human.

脐带干细胞被认为在治疗上对骨髓相关疾病和代谢的先天误差有用。这些干细胞的主要应用是组织工程。脐带干细胞具有极高的细胞分裂能力，用于修复和更新受损的组织。

脐带干细胞疗法适用于各种疾病，例如白血病，淋巴瘤，贫血，镰状细胞贫血，β腹腔疾病，严重的联合免疫缺陷（SCID）疾病，红细胞性疾病，红细胞性肿瘤，多发性骨髓瘤，血浆细胞质细胞，血浆白血病，血液扩散的疾病，疾病，受害者综合征，，猎人综合征，ALD，Lesch-Nyhan综合征，骨质骨质症，包括神经母细胞瘤，视网膜细胞瘤和髓母细胞瘤等肿瘤等。

Umbilical cord stem cells can be preserved through cord blood banking. Due to their remarkable therapeutic ability and healing power, parents tend to preserve their babies umbilical cord stem cells for later use.

什么是胚胎干细胞？

Embryonic stem cells are the undifferentiated cells of the human embryo. These stem cells are able to divide rapidly and differentiated into more than 200 cell types in the adult human. Hence they are known as pluripotent cells. Embryonic stem cells grow primarily into three primary germ layers known as外胚层，内胚层， 和中胚层，后来分为不同的人体细胞类型。

Embryonic stem cells, like umbilical cord stem cells, are used to treat diseases. However, embryonic stem cells that are derived only from the在vitro受精胚胎are used for that purpose due to ethical issues related to the embryo. This process is restricted only to the embryos developed在vitroand especially not to the stem cells derived from the embryo developed in a woman’s body. Stem cells taken from a few day – old embryo are maintained in laboratories as embryonic stem cell lines. If proper conditions are provided, it is possible to maintain undifferentiated stem cells in the labs.

通常，很明显，胚胎干细胞是形成人体所有细胞类型的细胞，包括肌肉，神经，肝脏和许多其他细胞。如果科学家能够有效地指导实验室维持的胚胎干细胞分化，他们可以使用细胞来治疗某些疾病，例如糖尿病，创伤性脊髓损伤，杜钦（Duchenne）的肌肉营养不良，心脏病，视力和听力损失等。

脐带干细胞和胚胎干细胞有什么区别？

Umbilical Cord Stem Cells vs Embryonic Stem Cells
脐带干细胞是未分化的cells found in the umbilical cord blood and tissue.	胚胎干细胞是从未分化的细胞在vitro受精的卵细胞发育至5到8天胚。
Differentiation Ability
脐带干细胞是多能的。这意味着它们可以区分少数不同的细胞类型。	Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent; meaning that they can differentiate into more than 200 specialized cell types in the adult body.
利用
它们可用于治疗白血病，淋巴瘤和几种遗传疾病等疾病。	If scientists are able to effectively direct the differentiation process of embryonic stem cells, they can use these cells to treat diseases such as diabetes, traumatic spinal cord injury, Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy, heart disease, vision and hearing loss, etc.

摘要 - 脐带干细胞与胚胎干细胞

脐带干细胞和胚胎干细胞是两种重要的干细胞。脐带干细胞包括脐带组织和未分化细胞的血液干细胞。它们可以分为几种类型，因此它们是多能。胚胎干细胞是从五到八天大的胚胎中分离出的未分化细胞在vitrofertilization. They are pluripotent and can be specialized into many cell types in the human. This is the difference between umbilical cord stem cells and embryonic stem cells.

参考：
1.“干细胞信息。”国立卫生研究院。美国卫生与公共服务部网络。2017年5月5日
2. Weiss，Mark L.和Deryl L. Troyer。“脐带中的干细胞。”干细胞评论。美国国家医学图书馆，2006年。2017年5月6日

图片提供：
1。“Gray38” By Henry Vandyke Carter – Henry Gray (1918) Anatomy of the Human Body (See “Book” section below)Bartleby.com: Gray’s Anatomy, Plate 38 (Public Domain) via下议院维基梅迪亚
2。“Stem cells diagram” By Mike Jones – From English Wikipedia. by Mike Jones for Wikipedia. (CC BY-SA 2.5)通过下议院维基梅迪亚