热力学vs Kinetics
Both thermodynamics and kinetics are scientific principles that draw their roots from the physical sciences and have brought about so many advancements in the scientific domain, with its applications running into many fields of science and engineering. The two terms literally go hand in hand in the chemical sciences and are very closely related.
有关热力学的更多信息
The name ‘Thermodynamics’ itself suggests the meaning of the term which can be referred to as ‘thermo’ relating to temperature and ‘dynamics’ relating to change. Hence more loosely it can be thought as changes that occur due to temperature. These changes can be physical and/or chemical in nature. The changes that occur chemically are termed as ‘chemical reactions’, and this gave rise to chemical thermodynamics.
On a more general reference, thermodynamics can be described as a principle related to bodies/states and processes. Usually the processes involved are energy transfers, which can be divided into two distinct groups; i.e. heat and work. If one energy state changes to another, we say that work is done. Energy is basically the capacity to do work. If the energy of a system changes as a result of the difference in temperature, we say there has been a flow of heat.
Therefore, thermodynamics is mainly concerned with energetics and gives no explanation whatsoever about the rate of the occurrence of these changes. This distinction of the rates and energetics involved in states/bodies and processes is very clear in the domain of chemical sciences where thermodynamics is only concerned with the energetics and the position of equilibrium of a chemical reaction.
平衡的位置是存在反应物和产物的地方,并且所有涉及的物种的浓度都在不随时间变化而保持不变,并且在标准条件下进行反应时特定反应是特定的。热力学可能会预测,由于产物的能量小于反应物的能量,因此肯定会发生反应。但是,实际上,可能需要动力学原理才能以明显的速度进行反应。
更多关于动力学
Kinetics is more often involved in the field of chemical sciences. Hence it relates as to how fast a chemical reaction might occur or how fast the chemical equilibrium point is reached. Various parameters are associated with the control of the rates of chemical reactions.
The molecules involved must collide with sufficient energy and in the proper orientation. Any condition that meets this requirement increases the rate of a chemical reaction. There is an energy barrier for any chemical reaction to take place. This is known as the activation energy. The energy of the molecules should be greater than this energy for the reaction to take place. Increasing the temperature increases the rate of a reaction by supplying energy greater than the activation energy, to a higher fraction of molecules. Increasing the surface area allows more collisions and increasing the concentration increases the number of reacting molecules thereby increasing the rate of the reaction. Catalysts are used to lower the activation energy barrier and thereby provide an easy route for the reaction to occur.
热力学vs Kinetics
- Thermodynamics is only concerned with the energetics and the position of equilibrium when going from one state to another; whereas kinetics relates to the rates of the processes between states.
- 在化学科学中,热力学告诉我们反应发生了多远,但是动力学告诉我们反应发生的速度。
Leave a Reply