强化和惩罚之间的区别

Reinforcement vs Punishment

强化和惩罚是两个概念Psychology在其中可以确定许多差异。它是B.F Skinner, abehavioristwho engaged in experimentation and introduced the concepts of Operant conditioning. This is a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher. In Operant condition, we speak of Reinforcement and Punishment. Reinforcement and punishment have to be viewed as tools to model the behavior of a person or a pet. Even those who have not known the value of reinforcement in strengthening the likelihood of a desired behavior know the effect of punishment in decreasing an undesired behavior. There are both positive and negative reinforcements, and most people confuse negative reinforcement with punishment. However, there are differences between the concepts of negative reinforcement and punishment that this article attempts to highlight.

What is Reinforcement?

Reinforcement is any event that strengthens the behavior. When speaking of reinforcement, there are mainly two types. They are positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement. Positive reinforcement increases behavior by presenting positive stimuli. This can be appreciations, gift, food, etc. Let us try to understand this through an example. What do you do when you want your dog to learn toilet training? It has been proved beyond doubt that there are stimuli, which can be used to increase the likelihood of the dog piss or excrete where you want. If you show yourhappiness并给您的狗最喜欢的饼干，他重复这种行为的可能性更大。您的幸福和饼干都可以作为狗以期望的方式行事的积极增强。现在，让我们继续进行负面强化。它通过消除负面刺激来增加行为。这不应该与惩罚的想法相混淆。例如，如果您的母亲希望您从家里拿出垃圾，并责骂您每周都不会这样做，那么如果您按时将垃圾取出垃圾，甚至在她甚至了解垃圾卡车来到您所在地区，就可以消除她的责骂。令您惊讶的是，妈妈不会责骂甚至称赞您的行为。您会学会将垃圾扔掉，因为您知道自己的行为将消除责骂。这称为负强化。

What is Punishment?

Now let us focus on understanding what is meant by punishment. We have become used to punishment since our childhood. If you slap your dog for scratching your furniture, you are punishing him for his undesired behavior. This punishment is not liked by the dog, and he tries to avoid it by, not scratching the furniture. This highlights that Punishment decreases the likelihood of an undesired behavior. This also has two types. They are Positive punishment and negative punishment. Positive punishment involves adding something such as paying a fine. Negative punishment is removing something you like such as less time for playing and watching TV. Finally, there is extinction that is used to decrease the likelihood of a behavior. If you see that your son does not keep his uniform in its place and throws socks and shoes on returning from school, you can simply say time out when he is busy watching his favorite TV program or when he is playing games on computer. This makes him learn the behavior you want him to indulge in.

What is the Difference Between Reinforcement and Punishment?

•惩罚是一种强化。
• Reinforcement refers to the stimulus or stimuli that are used to increase or decrease the likelihood of a behavior.
• Punishment is when you slap your dog or spray water on his face to stop him from scratching furniture.
• Punishment is different from negative reinforcement where stopping an undesired behavior brings in praise or stops undesired reaction from others.

Image Courtesy:

1.”Dog training” by Moshe Blank [CC BY-SA 3.0], viaWikimedia Commons

2.”Female animal trainer and leopard, c1906″ by Photo Crafts Shop of Denver [Public Domain], viaWikimedia Commons