雷达和声纳之间的区别

雷达vs声纳

雷达和声纳都是用于识别对象及其位置相关的参数的检测系统，它们在距离且不直接可观察到。雷达代表无线电检测和范围，声纳代表声音导航和范围。两个检测系统都使用该方法检测传输信号的反射。系统中使用的信号的类型使一切都不同。雷达使用无线电波，这些波浪是电磁波，声纳使用声波或声波，即机械波。系统运行的应用和差异是由于这些波的性质构成的限制。

有关雷达的更多信息

Radar is not an invention by a single man, but an outcome of continuous development of the radio technology by several individuals from many nations. However, the British were the first to use it in the form we see it today, that is, in WWII when the Luftwaffe deployed their raids against Britain an extensive radar network along the coast was used to detect and counter the raids.

雷达系统的发射器将无线电（或微波）脉冲发送到空气中，并且该脉冲的一部分被对象反映。反射的无线电波由雷达系统的接收器捕获。从传播到接收信号的持续时间用于计算范围（或距离），并且反射波的角度给出了物体的高度。另外，使用多普勒效应计算物体的速度。典型的雷达系统由以下组件组成。

•用于用振荡器（例如Klystron或Magnetron）和调制器来控制脉冲持续时间的发射器，用于生成带有振荡器的无线电脉冲。

• A wave guide that connects the transmitter and the antenna.

• A receiver to capture the returning signal. And at times when the task of the transmitter and the receiver is performed by the same antennae (or component), a duplexer is used to switch from one to the other.

Radar has a large range of applications. All the aerial and naval navigation system uses radar to obtain critical data required to determine safe route. Air traffic controllers use radar to locate the aircraft in their controlled airspace. Military uses it in the air defense systems. Marine radars are used to locate other ships and ground to avoid collisions. Meteorologists use radars to detect weather patterns in the atmosphere, such as hurricanes, tornadoes and certain gas distributions. Geologists use ground penetrating radar (a specialized variant) to map the interior of the earth and astronomers use it to determine the surface and the geometry of the nearby astronomical objects.

More about SONAR

Unlike radar, sonar is a natural method used by some animals (such as bats and sharks) for navigation. Sonar was developed before the radar and was used in WWI, to locate the submarines and mines in the sea. Acoustic location in the air was used even before radar.

Sonar uses acoustic waves (sound waves) for detection. The frequencies used for this purpose can vary from very high (ultrasonic) to very low (infrasonic). The components of a sonar system are the same as a radar system but operate in relation to sound waves.

Sonar has application in a wide variety of fields. Mainly in marine related navigation and detection, sonar is used for underwater surveillance and communication. Also, it is used for mapping underwater terrains and to observe the activity of underwater water current. In fisheries, it is used for detection of shoals of fish. It is also used by scientists, to determine the biomass of the hydro ecosystems.

What is the difference between Radar and Sonar?

• The radar uses radio waves for detection, while sonar uses sound waves (or acoustic) for detection.

• Radar usually is used in the atmosphere, while sonar is usually used underwater. However, these are not strict conditions.

•雷达声纳(喜欢的幅度更大ably in air).

• Radar has faster response (radio waves travel at the speed of light), while sonar is slower in response (speed of sound is low, and it depends on the properties of the medium, such as temperature, pressure and if its sea water, its salinity).