关键差异 - 前列腺癌与睾丸癌
Prostate cancer and testicular cancer are two disease conditions affecting the male reproductive system. The key difference between prostate cancer and testicular cancer is that they occur in two different locations. As their names imply,prostate cancer is a malignancy arising in the prostate gland while testicular cancer is a malignancy arising in the testis.Although it is hard to believe, testis also acts as a腺产生至关重要的激素如睾丸激素。
CONTENTS
1。概述和关键差异
2。What is Prostate Cancer
3。What is Testicular Cancer
4。Side by Side Comparison – Prostate Cancer vs Testicular Cancer in Tabular Form
5.Summary
What is Prostate Cancer?
Prostate cancer is the sixth commonest cancer in the world. It accounts for 7% of all cancers in men. With advancing age, the likelihood of malignant changes within the prostate increases. Although around 80% of the men have malignant foci in their prostate by the age of eighty, most of these remain dormant. Adenocancer is the histological type of the瘤。
发病
发展年龄,种族和家族史是前列腺癌的危险因素。与普通人群相比,患有前列腺癌的男性的一级亲戚有两倍的风险。激素因子在发病机理中也起作用。
Clinical Features
- 降低尿症状
- 背部和骨骼疼痛
- 减肥
- Anemia
诊断
该疾病的诊断通常是在数字直肠检查期间针对其他一些问题进行的,其中医生意外地鉴定出存在坚硬的,不规则的腺体。在良性前列腺扩大后前列腺切除术后的某些患者中,对标本的组织学检查显示前列腺的恶性变化。在某些国家,通过测量血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)水平进行筛查前列腺癌。
调查
主要研究是前列腺和扩展采样前列腺活检的转直肠超声(TRU)。这些用于定义腺体的大小和肿瘤的分期。在开始治疗之前,必须进行组织学诊断。如果存在转移,血清PSA水平通常会升高(> 16 ng/ml),但也可能正常。可以通过内直肠线圈MRI检测到外压外延伸。可以通过超声检查来研究上尿路扩张。如果存在骨转移,则可以在X射线上鉴定骨硬膜硬膜病。
Management
如果癌症是局部的,则可以通过治疗治疗(根治性前列腺切除术),外束放射疗法或近距离放射治疗植入物进行治疗,这些疗程可能具有不必要的副作用,例如尿失禁和性功能障碍。对于希望避免手术的老年患者,使用放疗。临床医生和患者之间应该进行良好的沟通,以选择最合适的治疗方式。注意等待的策略可用于局部前列腺癌患者。
Endocrine Therapy
Prostate cancer is a hormone-sensitive malignancy. Prostate cancer tissue is able to trap circulatory androgens for the maintenance of the tissue androgen levels.
癌组织可以通过提供以下药物来剥夺雄激素。
- GnRH agonists
- 雄激素受体阻滞剂
- 雄激素合成抑制剂
- Corticosteroids and estrogens
What is Testicular Cancer?
Testicular germ cell tumor is the commonest cancer among men aged 15-35 years. Seminoma and nonseminoma are the 2 main histological types. Non-seminomas contain mature and immature elements and the mature elements found in these tumors are called theteratomas。在极少数情况下,生殖细胞肿瘤可能发生在多余的性腺部位,例如垂体,纵隔和腹膜后。
Clinical Features
- 疼痛的睾丸质量
- Back pain
- Gynecomastia
调查
- 超声或MRI扫描
- 血清肿瘤标记物的测定包括α-毒素,β-Human绒毛膜促性腺蛋白和乳酸脱氢酶
- CT或MRI
Management
seminomas
Radiosensitivity and chemosensitivity of seminoma are very high. Seminomas are associated with raised serum LDH levels, a rare mild elevation of the β- human chorionic gonadotrophin level and normal AFP level. Stage 1 disease which is limited to the gonad, has a 10-30% risk of recurrence following surgery unaccompanied by any other treatment modality. Adjuvant therapy with either chemotherapy or radiotherapy to the para-aortic lymph nodes is preferred because it increases the survival rate by about 95% in the early disease. Carboplatin is the drug of choice because of the convenience of administration and minimal side-effects.
非肌瘤
The risk of relapse varies depending on the prognostic factors such as histological differentiation, the presence of embryonal elements and the extent of local and vascular invasion.
前列腺癌和睾丸癌有什么区别?
前列腺癌与睾丸癌 |
|
前列腺癌在前列腺中出现。 | 睾丸中发生睾丸癌。 |
Spread | |
点差相对较慢。 | The spread is fast. |
Dormant Forms | |
This can sometimes be dormant. | 没有休眠形式。 |
灵敏度 | |
Usually, there is a very high hormone sensitivity. | 无线电敏感性和化学敏感性非常高。 |
摘要 - 前列腺癌与睾丸癌
前列腺癌是前列腺中引起的恶性肿瘤。他们的预后很好。与前列腺癌不同,睾丸癌是睾丸中发生的恶性肿瘤的预后较差,由于生殖细胞的增殖率很高,它们迅速扩散。这是前列腺癌和睾丸癌之间的关键区别。
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References:
1。Kumar, Parveen J., and Michael L. Clark. Kumar & Clark clinical medicine. Edinburgh: W.B. Saunders, 2009. Print.
图片提供:
1.图表显示前列腺癌在尿道CRUK上按182英尺的尿素cruk 182' - CRUK的原始电子邮件(CC BY-SA 4.0)通过下议院维基梅迪亚
2。“Figure 28 01 03” By OpenStax College – Anatomy & Physiology,Connexions Web site.2013年6月19日。(CC由3.0)通过下议院维基梅迪亚
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