植物和动物细胞之间的差异

Thekey difference植物和动物细胞之间the plant cells有一个cell wallcomposed of纤维素在细胞膜的外部，动物细胞缺乏细胞膜外部的细胞壁。

A cell is the fundamental unit of the living organisms. Some organisms are unicellular while some are multicellular. Furthermore, the cell organization differs among the prokaryotic organisms and eukaryotic organisms. Prokaryotes do not have membrane-bound cell organelles as well as they do not have a nucleus. On the other hand, eukaryotes have a complex cell organization with internal compartments and a nucleus. Among the eukaryotes, plants and animals are higher organisms. Though they are eukaryotes and bear structurally similar eukaryotic cells, there exists some difference between plant and animal cells. Mainly, this is due to the additional structures present in the plant and animal cells and the different needs each type of the cell has. As an example, plant cells have chloroplasts to carry out photosynthesis. But, animal cells do not require carrying out photosynthesis since they are heterotrophs. Hence, they do not contain chloroplasts.

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What are Plant Cells
3.What are Animal Cells
4.Similarities Between Plant and Animal Cells
5.Side by Side Comparison – Plant vs Animal Cells in Tabular Form
6。概括

What are Plant Cells?

植物细胞是植物中存在的真核细胞。它们的形状是矩形。这是由于存在覆盖植物细胞的刚性细胞壁。因此，与动物细胞相比，植物细胞具有确定的独特形状。植物细胞壁是由纤维素组成的完全渗透层。然而，内部有一个质膜，它是选择性渗透性的，可以调节进出细胞的物质。

When observing under the light microscope, plant cells appear in green. This is mainly due to the presence of叶绿体. Since plants are photoautotrophic organisms, they carry out photosynthesis. In order to produce foods, they need these special organelles called chloroplasts that contain light-capturing pigments. Furthermore, plant cells have a large vacuole that occupies a big area of the cell.

什么是动物细胞？

Cells that are present in animals are animal cells. They are eukaryotic cells. Unlike the plant cells, animal cells do not have a cell wall. Hence, animal cells do not have a definite shape. Their shape is somewhat round but can be easily changed. Due to the absence of a cell wall, animal cells easily swell and burst when placed in distilled water.

Furthermore, animal cells do not contain chloroplasts. Animals are异育, and they obtain foods from other sources without producing on their own. Moreover, animal cells have many small vacuoles compared to the plant cells. In some animal cells, vacuoles are totally absent.

植物和动物细胞之间有什么相似之处？

• 植物和动物细胞都是真核细胞。
• Also, both contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
• Furthermore, they both carry out aerobic respiration.
• Moreover, both types of cells have vacuoles.

植物和动物细胞有什么区别？

Plant and animal cells are eukaryotic cells that have a similar overall structure. However, these two types of cells differ slightly with each other. The key difference between plant and animal cells is that the plant cells have a cell wall while the animal cells do not have a cell wall. Another difference between plant and animal cells is the shape. Animal cells do not have a definite shape while the plant cells have a definite rectangular shape. Furthermore, when considering the vacuoles, there exists a difference between plant and animal cells. That is; the plant cells have a single large vacuole while the animal cells have many small vacuoles.

概括– Plant vs Animal Cells

植物和动物细胞分别存在于动植物中的真核细胞。植物细胞中存在的几个其他结构使植物细胞与动物细胞不同。细胞壁，叶绿体和较大的液泡是植物细胞中存在的其他结构。它们不存在于动物细胞中。因此，这是植物和动物细胞之间差异的摘要。

Reference:

1.Molecular Expressions Cell Biology: Animal Cell Structure.Available here
2.Editors. “Plant Cell – Definition, Functions and Structure.” Biology Dictionary, Biology
Dictionary, 29 Apr. 2017.Available here

Image Courtesy:

1. ladyofhats的“植物细胞结构” - 通过自己的作品（公共领域）通过Commons Wikimedia
2. Ladyofhats（Mariana Ruiz）的“动物细胞结构” - 通过Commons Wikimedia