相位差与路径差
相位差和路径差是光学中两个非常重要的概念。这些现象是在光模型的问题上看到的，它将光作为行动波。Both, the path difference and phase difference are very important when it comes to explanation of phenomena such as Young’s double slit experiment, single slit diffraction, Newton’s rings, Thin film interference, Fresnel’s double mirror experiment, Fresnel diffraction, Diffraction gratings, and zone plates. These phenomena also have applications such as Cornu spiral and Fresnel biprism. In this article, we are going to discuss in depth what phase difference and path difference are, and their significance, applications and differences.
相差
理解阶段必须第一个波形的差异rstand what “phase” is. A travelling wave can be defined using the equation Y(x) = A sin (ωt – kx) where Y(x) is the displacement on the y axis at point x, A is the amplitude of the wave, ω is the angular frequency of the wave, t is the time, k is the wave vector or sometimes referred as wave number, x is the value on the x axis. The phase of a wave can be interpreted in several ways. The most common one is that it is the (ωt – kx) part of the wave. It can be seen that at t=0 and x=0 the phase is also 0. ωt is the number of total revolutions the source of the wave have done when the time is t, (ωt – kx) is the total angle the source has turned. Phase difference is only useful when it comes to waves of the same frequency. The phase difference tells how much a wave is lagging or leading with respect to another wave. If two waves interfere and their phase difference is zero, the amplitude of the resulting wave is the addition of the two incident waves; if the phase difference is 180° or π radians, the result is the subtraction between the two amplitudes.
路径差
两个波的路径差可以分为两类。第一个是物理路径差，第二个是光路差。物理路径差是两波采取的两条路线之间的测量差。光路差是每个路径元素的添加乘以介质的折射率，路径元素所在。它可以用数学表示为n（x）dx的积分。
路径差和相位差异有什么区别？ - 路径差和相位差都同等地导致所得波的位移。 - 路径差异是由于所采集的路线的差异和每个路线中介质的折射率引起的，而相位差异主要是由于发生硬反射时波的相位反转。 - 路径差分为米，而相位差为弧度或程度测量的角度。 |
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