肾小管和马尔皮亚小管之间的差异|比较类似术语之间的差异

这关键区别between nephridia and malpighian tubules depends on their occurrence in organisms.Nephridia are present in lower organisms such as worms and mollusks while the malpighian tubules are present in the posterior regions of insects and terrestrial节肢动物。

排泄是生物体的重要方面。代谢途径产生各种排泄物作为副产品。但是，在生物体系内积累废物是有害和有害的。因此，必须通过排泄系统从体内清除代谢废物的机制。因此，不同类型的排泄器官存在于不同的生物体中。肾脏和马尔皮亚小管是这种排泄器官的两个例子。

1。概述和关键差异
2。What are Nephridia
3。什么是马尔皮亚小管
4。肾小管和马尔皮亚小管之间的相似之处
5。并排比较 - 表格形式的肾上腺素与马尔皮亚小管
6.Summary

What are Nephridia?

A nephridium is an excretory organ present in invertebrates or lower organisms. It occurs as a pair, and its function similar to that of a vertebrate kidney. Accordingly, the main function of the nephridia is to remove metabolic waste from the body. Nephridia are present in two forms namely protonephridia and metanephridia. Protonephridia are primitive and simpler in structure and found scattered in the body cells. It is mostly present inPlatyHelminthes, rotifers, memertea, lancelets etc.

在原源性的体腔中存在一个空心细胞，其中管道是从其到生物体外部开口的引导。这些外部开口被称为肾漏洞。通常，流体从体腔过滤到这些空心细胞。如果这些空心细胞含有纤毛，我们将这些空心细胞称为火焰细胞。否则，如果它们含有鞭毛，我们将它们称为螺旋细胞。这些鞭毛或纤毛的功能可以通过管向外部环境挥动过滤尿液。

图01：Metanephridium

此外，替诺德里亚更为先进，并且成对。它存在于诸如Annelids，Arthropods，Mollusks等的生物体中。替诺德里亚缺乏空心细胞。因此，它直接进入体腔。Cilia存在于倍肽的小管中，以从体腔中挥动流体进入外部环境。许多营养物质从小管沿着小管传播时从小管细胞中吸收。

什么是马尔皮亚小管？

Malpighian tubules are thin tubules present in the alimentary canals of arthropods. They usually occur in pairs, and variable numbers of tubules are present in the different species of organisms. Moreover, malpighian tubules are lined with microvilli and found convoluted in order to increase the surface area for reabsorption and to maintain the osmotic balance. These tubules work together with specialised glands that line the wall of the rectum.

When compared with nephridia, there is no filtration takes place in tubules. Thus, the urine production takes place by tubular secretion. The cells lining the tubules and bathing in the hemolymph employ the tubular secretion. Hence, the diffusion of metabolic wastes such as uric acid occurs freely between the cells and the malpighian tubules. Furthermore, there are ion exchange pumps present in the lining of the tubules. These ions pump actively transport H⁺ions into the cells and Na⁺and K⁺离子从细胞中出来。

Key Difference Between Nephridia and Malpighian Tubules

图02：马尔皮亚小管

水在尿液形成过程中被动扩散。因此，将离子进出的细胞的交换吸收电解质，水和尿酸进入小管，平衡了渗透压。当生物与低水环境接触时，当与厚液体或粉末接触时，水和电解质会重新吸收。

肾小管和马尔皮亚小管之间有什么相似之处？

肾脏和马尔皮亚小管是排泄系统结构。
两种类型都显示为小管。
另外，它们不在弦中。

肾小管和马尔皮亚小管有什么区别？

肾脏和马尔皮亚小管是有生物体中存在的两个排泄器官，这些器官不是弦。肾脏存在于诸如蠕虫和软体动物之类的低生物体中，而马尔皮亚小管中存在于昆虫和陆地节肢动物中。因此，这是肾小管和马尔皮亚小管之间的关键区别。肾小管和马尔皮亚小管之间的另一个差异是肾肾上腺主要发生在成对中，而马尔皮亚小管则出现在束中。同样，尽管两个器官都符合排泄功能，但马尔皮亚小管具有另一个重要功能。那是;除排泄物外，马尔皮亚小管保持了昆虫和陆地节肢动物的渗透平衡。然而，肾脏不涉及维持渗透平衡。因此，这也是肾小管和马尔皮亚小管之间的另一个区别。

以下信息图列出了更多有关肾小管和马尔皮亚小管之间差异的事实。

摘要 - 肾脏vs马尔皮亚小管

生物必须具备remov的机制e metabolic waste from their body through a system of excretion. Excretory systems comprise a main excretory organ. Nephridia and malpighian tubules are two excretory organs present in two different groups of organisms. Nephridia are present in invertebrates or lower organisms. They function to remove the metabolic waste of worms and mollusks. Furthermore, there are two types of nephridia namely, protonephridia and metanephridia.

On the other hand, Malpighian tubules are thin tubules which are found in the alimentary canals of arthropods. Malphigian tubules perform the excretory function through tubular secretion, unlike nephridia. Furthermore, Malpighian tubules are important for the balance of osmotic pressure since they possess ion pumps on their walls. Thus, this summarises the difference between nephridia and Malpighian tubules.

参考：

1。Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. “Nephridium.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 20 July 1998.在这里可用
2.Kelley，Fenton Crosland和James Arthur Ramsay。“排泄。”2018年9月20日，英国百科全书，英国百科全书。在这里可用