拉马克主义和达尔文主义之间的差异

Key区别–Lamarckismvs达尔文主义

Evolution被定义为在特定时间段内人口中发生的可遗传变化。在时间的过程中，已经提出了不同的理论来解释生物的进化机制。拉马克主义和达尔文主义是提出的两个这样的理论。拉马克主义基于使用和废除的理论，并认为所获得的特征可以传递给后代，而达尔文主义相信natural selection和优胜节的生存. This is thekey differencebetween Lamarckism and Darwinism.

内容

1.Overview and Key Difference
2.什么是拉马克主义
3.什么是达尔文主义
4.Similarities Between Lamarckism and Darwinism
5。并排比较 - 表格形式的拉马克主义与达尔文主义
6。概括

什么是拉马克主义？

拉马克主义是法国生物学家让·巴蒂斯特·拉马克（Jean-Baptiste Lamarck）（1744-1829）提出的一个概念。他提出了这样一个概念，即有机体可以将其一生中获得的特征传递给其后代。该概念也称为获得特征的软继承或遗传力。

拉马克（Lamarck）将两个思想纳入了他的进化论，即拉马克主义。

• 使用和废除理论 - 个人失去了他们不需要（或使用）并发展有用的特征的特征。
• The theory of Inheritance of acquired traits – Individuals inherit the traits of their ancestors

拉马克主义的最常见例子是用长颈鹿长颈的。根据Lamarck的说法，如图01所示，长颈鹿伸展颈部以达到高叶的叶子，从而增强和延长颈部，这证明了使用和废除的理论。这些长颈鹿的后代颈部略长。这证明了软继承理论。拉马克主义也不赞成灭绝现象。他说，所有生物体都以某种或另一种方式适应，并导致形成新物种。这也支持他的使用和废弃理论。

但是，该假设不能用于所有特征，因此拉马克主义被认为是进化论的一个因素。后来建议这些可能是由于表观遗传因素。

什么是达尔文主义?

达尔文主义is a theory put forward by Charles Darwin. He stated that the origination and development of an organism belonging to a specific species occur through a process known as natural selection. Favorable and unfavorable variations, as an example –突变, inherited by the organism led the organism to be naturally selected or eliminated. Favorable variations increase the chance of survival which increases the ability to compete for natural resources, survival, and reproduction.

达尔文主义or Darwin’s theory of evolution states that a species is created through the interbreeding of organisms belonging to a specific population will develop into a fertile offspring. The offspring are decedents of previous generations with different genetic modifications.

This evolution of species is explained by the theory of natural selection. In the theory of natural selection, the rate of origination of organisms is greater than the rate of survival due to the limitation of natural resources. This creates a competition for natural resources including food, oxygen, and habitats. The inter-species and intra-species struggle for existence and competition for natural resources occur in the environment.

The organisms present within a population consists of different genetic traits which are heritable. When they interbreed, a fertile offspring is developed with a modified genetic composition. These genetic variants can be either advantageous or disadvantageous in the process of natural selection. The organisms with advantageous variants allow the organisms to compete for natural resources successfully which adapt them to survive and reproduce under the same environmental conditions than other species. These better-adapted organisms reproduce successfully and pass such traits onto the next generation. Therefore, these species get naturally selected to retain in the environment. Other species with less adaptability get extinct from the environment.

拉马克主义和达尔文主义之间有什么相似之处？

• Both are concepts for the theory of evolution

What is the Difference Between Lamarckism and Darwinism?

拉马克主义与达尔文主义
Lamarckism is the concept that an organism can pass on characteristics acquired during its lifetime to its offspring.	达尔文主义is a theory that states the origination and development of an organism belonging to a specific species occur through a process known as natural selection.
发明
拉马克主义是由让·巴蒂斯特·拉马克（Jean-Baptiste Lamarck）发明的。	达尔文主义是由查尔斯·达尔文（Charles Darwin）发明的。
Development of an organism
Development of an organism occurs due to the theory of use and disuse according to the Lamarckism.	根据达尔文主义的持续变化，有机体的发展发生。
优胜节生存理论
Lamarckism is not based on the theory of the survival of the fittest.	达尔文主义is based on the theory of the survival of the fittest.

摘要 - 拉马克主义vs达尔文主义

历史学家和生物学家分析支持进化的理论。为了评估不同生物的发育模式，这一点很重要。拉马克主义和达尔文主义是提出的两个这样的理论。拉马克主义更多地关注使用和废弃的理论，在这种情况下，它认为一生中获得的特征可以传递给新一代。达尔文主义不赞成这个想法，并将其改为优胜党的自然选择和生存理论。因此，拉马克主义参与了发展达尔文的理论。这是拉马克主义和达尔文主义之间的区别。

下载lamarckism vs darwinism的PDF版本

You can download PDF version of this article and use it for offline purposes as per citation note. Please download PDF version here拉马克主义和达尔文主义之间的差异

Reference:

1.“Darwin, evolution, & natural selection.” Khan Academy.Available here

2. Burkhardt, Richard W. “Lamarck, Evolution, and the Inheritance of Acquired Characters.”Genetics, Genetics Society of America, Aug. 2013.Available here

3. Costa, James T. “Darwinian Revelation: Tracing the Origin and Evolution of an Idea | BioScience | Oxford Academic.” OUP Academic, Oxford University Press, 1 Nov. 2009.Available here
4.恩斯特·迈尔。“达尔文的影响Modern Thought.” Scientific American.Available here

Image Courtesy:

1.’Giraffe23’By Ltshears (Public Domain) viaCommons Wikimedia