这关键区别between inductive and deductive reasoning is that the归纳推理收益从特定的前提到一般conclusion虽然推理推理从一般前提到特定结论。
推理是一个过程,通过它你达到一个逻辑conclusion after thinking about all the relevant facts. There are two types of reasoning; they are inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning. The former refers to the process of deriving generalizations from specific observations while the latter refers to the process of drawing specific conclusions from general statements/observations. A premise in this aspect, is a proposition supporting or helping to support a conclusion.
CONTENTS
1。概述和关键差异
2。什么是归纳推理
3。What is Deductive Reasoning
4。Side by Side Comparison – Inductive vs Deductive Reasoning in Tabular Form
5。Summary
什么是归纳推理?
归纳推理是一个逻辑过程,在其中,将多个前提(所有人都认为是正确或在大多数情况下发现正确的)合并以获得特定的结论。换句话说,它是指从特定观察中得出概括。自下而上的推理以及原因和作用推理也指归纳推理。这种类型的推理通常基于一个人识别有意义的模式和联系的能力。
For example, suppose you have observed that your friend’s lips start to swell when she eats seafood. You have noticed this on several occasions. Then you come to the conclusion that she is allergic to seafood. You have deduced this conclusion through the process of inductive process. First, you have gained data through your observations, and then you have reached a generalization. However, inductive reasoning can never lead to absolute certainty. It only allows you to say that the claim is more likely to be true than not, according to the examples provided for support.
为了使您的结论是可信的,重要的是要考虑,
- Quality and amount of the data
- 存在其他数据
- 必要的其他信息的相关性
- Existence of additional possible explanations
什么是演绎推理?
Deductive reasoning (top-down reasoning) is a logical process where a conclusion is based on the concordance of multiple premises that are generally assumed to be true. This type of reasoning involves drawing specific conclusions from general statements (premises).
下面给出的是使用演绎推理的参数的示例。
- 所有的马都有鬃毛
- 纯种是一匹马
- 因此,纯种马有鬃毛。
这种推理有时被称为三段论。第一个前提指出,所有被归类为“马”的对象都具有“鬃毛”属性。第二个前提指出,“纯种”被归类为“马”。然后结论指出,“纯种”必须具有“鬃毛”,因为他从分类中继承了这种属性。
归纳推理和演绎推理有什么区别?
归纳推理是一个逻辑过程,将多个前提合并以获得特定的结论。另一方面,演绎推理与归纳推理相反。它涉及根据多个前提的一致性得出结论。最重要的是,归纳推理从特定的前提转变为一般结论,而演绎推理从一般前提转移到特定的结论。这是归纳推理和演绎推理之间的主要区别。
此外,在演绎推理中,可以证明如果前提为真,结论是有效的。但是,在归纳推理中,即使论点很强烈并且前提是真实的,结论也可能是不正确的。
摘要 - 归纳与演绎推理
归纳和演绎推理是两种对比的推理方法。归纳推理是指从特定观察值中得出概括的逻辑过程,同时推理推理是指从一般性陈述/观察值中得出特定结论的逻辑过程。这是归纳推理和演绎推理之间的主要区别。
参考:
1.“什么是演绎推理?- whatis.com的定义。”whatis.com。在这里可用
2.“什么是归纳推理?- whatis.com的定义。”whatis.com。在这里可用
图片提供:
1.’在英语wikibooks上麦地亚语,(CC BY-SA 3.0)通过下议院维基梅迪亚
2.’流量推理,在英语wikibooks上麦地(CC BY-SA 2.5)通过下议院维基梅迪亚
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