Hydrostatic Pressure vs Osmotic Pressure
压力定义为沿垂直于物体的方向施加的每单位区域的力。静液压是流体内部的一个点所经历的压力。渗透压是阻止半渗膜的流体转移所需的压力。这些概念在诸如静液压学,生物学,植物科学和许多其他领域等领域起着至关重要的作用。在这些概念中有清晰的理解,以便在这些领域中脱颖而出,这一点至关重要。在本文中,我们将讨论什么是渗透压和静水压力,这两个的定义,静液压和渗透压之间的相似性以及渗透压和静水压力之间的差异。
What is Hydrostatic Pressure?
The pressure of a static fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid column above the point the pressure is measured. Therefore, the pressure of a static (non-flowing) fluid is dependent only on the density of the fluid, the gravitational acceleration, the atmospheric pressure and the height of the liquid above the point the pressure is measured. The pressure can also be defined as the force exerted by the collisions of particles. In this sense, the pressure can be calculated using the molecular kinetic theory of gasses and gas equation. The term “hydro” means water and the term “static” means non-changing. This means hydrostatic pressure is the pressure of the non-flowing water. However, this is also applicable to any fluid including gasses. Since the hydrostatic pressure is the weight of the fluid column above the measured point it can be formulated usingP = hdg,where P is the hydrostatic pressure, h is the height of the surface of the fluid form the measured point, d is the density of the fluid, and g is the gravitational acceleration. The total pressure on the measured point is the unison of the hydrostatic pressure and the external pressure (i.e. atmospheric pressure) on the fluid surface.
What is Osmotic Pressure?
当两个不同的解决方案solute concentrations are divided by a semi permeable membrane, the solvent at the low concentrated side tends to move to the high concentration side. Imagine a balloon made of the semi permeable membrane filled with high concentration solution submerged inside the low concentrated solvent. The solvent will transfer to the inside of the membrane. This will cause the pressure of the inside of the membrane to rise. This risen pressure is known as the osmotic pressure of the system. This is a vital mechanism in transferring water to the inside of the cells. Without this mechanism, even trees cannot survive. The inverse of osmotic pressure is known as water potential, which is the tendency of the solvent to stay in the solution. Higher the osmotic pressure, lower will be the water potential.
静水压力和渗透压有什么区别? • Hydrostatic pressure is observed in any fluid, which is not moving. Osmotic pressure is only present in specific systems where the solution and the solvent are separated by a semi permeable membrane. •渗透压只能仅在纯流体中发生。渗透压需要两种不同的浓缩溶液。只有一种流体才能发生静液压。 |
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