中心vs Geocentric
The night sky has been a subject of human curiosity from the earliest civilizations on earth. From Babylonians, Egyptians, Greeks, and Indus all had a fascination for the celestial objects and the elite of the intellectuals built theories to explain the miracles of the heavens. Earlier they were ascribed to the deities, and later the explanation took more logical and scientific form.
However, it was not until the Greeks development that proper theories about the earth and the rotation of the planets emerged. Heliocentric and geocentric are two explanations of the configuration of the universe, including the solar system.
地中心模型说,地球是宇宙的中心,行星,太阳和月亮,星星围绕着它。早期的中心模型将太阳视为中心,行星围绕太阳旋转。
More about Geocentric
The most predominant theory of the structure of the universe in the ancient world was the geocentric model. It says that the earth is at the center of the universe, and every other celestial body rotates around the earth.
The origin of this theory is obvious; it is the elementary naked eye observation of the movement of the objects in the sky. The path of an object in the sky always seems to be in the same vicinity and repeatedly it rises from east and sets from west approximately at the same points on the horizon. Also, the earth always seems to be stationary. Therefore, the closest conclusion is that these objects move in circles around the earth.
希腊人是该理论的强有力的拥护者,尤其是伟大的哲学家亚里士多德和托勒密。托勒密去世后,该理论持续了2000多年。
More about Heliocentric
The concept that the sun is at the center of the universe, also first emerged in Ancient Greece. It was the Greek philosopher Aristarchus of Samos who proposed the theory in 3rd century BC, but was not taken much into account because of the dominance of the Aristotelian view of the universe and lack of proof of the theory at that time.
It was during the Renaissance era that mathematician and catholic cleric Nicholaus Copernicus developed a mathematical model to explain the motion of the heavenly bodies. In his model, the sun was at the center of the solar system and the planet moved around the sun, including the earth. And the moon was considered to move around the earth.
这彻底改变了思考宇宙的方式,并与当时的宗教信仰发生了冲突。哥白尼理论的主要特征可以总结如下:
1. The motion of the celestial bodies is uniform, eternal, and circular or compounded of several circles.
2. The center of the cosmos is the Sun.
3. Around the Sun, in the order of Mercury, Venus, Earth and Moon, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn moves in their own orbits and the stars are fixed in the sky.
4. The earth has three motions; daily rotation, annual revolution, and annual tilting off its axis.
5. The retrograde motion of the planets is as explained by the Earth’s motion.
6. The distance from the Earth to the Sun is small compared to the distance to the stars.
中心vs Geocentric: what is the difference between the two models?
• In the geocentric model, the earth is considered as the center of the universe, and all celestial bodies move around the earth (planets, moon, sun and the stars).
• In the heliocentric model, the sun is considered as the center of the universe, and the celestial bodies move around the sun.
(During the course of development of astronomy, many theories of geocentric universe and heliocentric universe were developed, and they have significant differences, especially regarding the orbits, but the core principles are as described above)
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