胶质瘤与胶质母细胞瘤|比较相似术语的区别

神经胶质瘤和胶质母细胞瘤

胶质瘤和胶质母细胞瘤是两种神经系统肿瘤。这两个术语听起来很相似，但两者之间有许多根本的区别。被诊断出脑瘤对每个人来说都是个坏消息，但肿瘤的类型却有很大的不同。这就是为什么了解胶质瘤和胶质母细胞瘤这两种肿瘤之间的基本区别是很重要的。

神经胶质瘤

胶质瘤是一种起源于大脑胶质细胞的肿瘤。神经胶质细胞是中枢神经系统的间质细胞。中枢神经系统由神经元和支持细胞组成。神经胶质细胞起着辅助作用。胶质细胞有很多种，每种类型产生的肿瘤都是根据细胞来源的类型来命名的。室管膜瘤、星形细胞瘤、少突胶质瘤和混合性胶质瘤就是这样的肿瘤。世界卫生组织将胶质瘤分为高级别和低级别。低级别肿瘤分化良好，含有成熟细胞。因此，它具有良性的特征。低级别肿瘤比高级别肿瘤预后好，高级别肿瘤分化差，属于恶性肿瘤。 Low grade tumors grow very slowly, and most of the time can be followed up regularly without surgical treatment unless it becomes symptomatic. High-grade tumors are notorious because they almost always regrow even after complete surgical removal. High-grade tumors are very vascular and destroy the blood brain barriers in its vicinity. Glial cell tumors are classified according to the site, as well. Tumors located above the tentorium cerebelli, which divides the cerebrum from the cerebellum, is classified as a “supra-tentorial”, while those below are classified as “infra-tentorial”. Pontine gliomasa is located in the pons of the brainstem. The site is very important because the presenting symptoms vary according to the tumor site. Glioma near the optic nerve will present with loss of vision. Gliomas near cranial nerves will present with palsies of respective cranial nerves. In general gliomas present with headache, fits, nausea and vomiting. Gliomas do not spread via the blood stream as like other malignant tumors. However, there is a chance of a spread along the cerebrospinal fluid flow giving rise to “drop metastases”. Treatment plan depends on the grade, location and symptoms. Surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy may be utilized to treat gliomas.

胶质母细胞瘤

另一方面，胶质母细胞瘤是人类已知的最具侵袭性的原发性脑肿瘤。它也是最常见的原发性脑肿瘤。胶质母细胞瘤还会引起头痛、恶心和呕吐，但最显著的表现特征是由于颞叶受累而导致记忆、人格和其他神经功能障碍的渐进性丧失。就像在胶质瘤中位置在症状学中非常重要。胶质母细胞瘤的已知危险因素是年龄在50岁以上，亚裔，白种人，男性，既往星形细胞瘤病史，以及存在神经纤维瘤病，Turcot 's和Von Hippel Lindau综合征等遗传疾病。治疗是一个挑战，因为肿瘤细胞对常规治疗有耐药性。对症治疗、手术、放射治疗和化疗都可能取得不同程度的成功。胶质母细胞瘤未经治疗的中位生存期为3个月，而接受治疗的患者可持续1年。

胶质瘤和胶质母细胞瘤有什么区别?