之间的区别Complementation and Epistasis

这关键区别在互补和上毒之间complementation is a genetic一对基因经常共同创建特定的相互作用表型，虽然上毒是一种基因的遗传相互作用allelemasks the phenotype of the other gene’s alleles.

互补和上毒是两个遗传相互作用。在互补中，有两个有不同的生物的菌株纯合隐性突变和相同的突变表型产生后代野生型表型when they are mated. In epistasis, some genes mask the expression of other genes in the same way a fully dominant allele masks the expression of its recessive counterpart.

CONTENTS

1。概述和关键差异
2。什么是互补
3。什么是上毒
4。互补与上毒之间的相似之处
5。并排比较 - 与表格形式的互补与上毒
6。Summary

什么是互补？

互补互动指的是一个滑坡ip between two different strains of an organism having homozygous recessive mutations that produce the same phenotype but not residing on the same gene. When these strains are crossed with each other, some offspring show recovery of the wild-type phenotype. Therefore, this phenomenon is called “genetic complementation”. Complementation basically occurs if the mutations are in different genes (intergenic complementation interaction). It may also take place if the two mutations are at distinct sites in the same gene (intragenic complementation interaction). But the effect is usually weaker than intergenic complementation.

在不同基因中突变的情况下，每个菌株的基因组有助于野生型等位基因补充突变等位基因。由于突变是隐性的，因此后代将显示野生型表型。互补测试（CIS反式测试）是由美国遗传学家爱德华·B·刘易斯（Edward B. Lewis）开发的。该测试可用于确定两个菌株中的突变是否在不同的基因中，因为如果突变在同一基因的不同位点，互补通常会更弱或根本不会发生。眼睛的颜色Drosophilais is a good model to demonstrate the complementation test.

什么是上毒?

上静脉是一种遗传相互作用，其中一个基因的等位基因掩盖了另一个基因等位基因的表型。主要是两种类型的上皮相互作用：隐性和主导性。在隐性的上毒中，一个基因的隐性等位基因掩盖了第二个基因的任何一个等位基因的作用。另一方面，在主要的上述性中，一个基因的主要等位基因掩盖了第二个基因的任何一个等位基因的作用。

In epistasis, the interaction between genes is antagonistic, such that one gene masks the expression of the other gene. The alleles that are being masked is called hypostatic alleles. The alleles doing masking is known as epistatic alleles. A well-known example of epistasis is pigmentation in mice. The wild type coat colour, agouti (AA), is dominant to coloured fur (aa). Anyhow, a separate gene (C) is necessary for pigmentation production. A mouse with recessive c allele at this locus is unable to produce pigment and is albino regardless of the allele present in locus A. Therefore, the genotypes: AAcc, Aacc, and aacc, all produce the albino phenotype. In this case, the C gene is epistatic to the A gene. Epistasis can also occur when the dominant allele masks the expression at a separate gene, as mentioned earlier. Fruit colour in summer squash is expressed in this way. The homozygous recessive expression of thew基因（ww）结合纯合显性或杂合显性的表达y基因（是的oryy)in summer squash produces yellow fruit, while thewwyy（两个基因隐性）基因型产生绿色水果。但是，如果是w基因以纯合或杂合形式存在，夏季南瓜将是白色的水果y等位基因。

互补与上毒之间有什么相似之处？

• 它们是两种类型的基因相互作用。
• 两种现象都取决于基因的等位基因。
• 这y are very important for genetic diversity and evolution.
• 两者都显示了门德尔法律的差异。
• 在植物和动物中都可以观察到这两种现象。

互补和上毒有什么区别？

个体的基因没有表达，但它们在共同的环境中起作用。因此，它预计基因之间会发生相互作用。互补是非平行基因之间的遗传相互作用的一种形式。例如，在补充中，当将基因的正常副本引入携带突变拷贝的细胞中时，它会纠正遗传缺陷。在上毒中，基因突变的作用取决于一个或多个其他基因中突变的存在和不存在，分别称为修饰剂基因。因此，这是互补与上毒之间的关键区别。

Summary – Complementation vs Epistasis

Complementation and epistasis are variations involving multiple genes. Complementation is the production of wild type phenotype by a cell or an organism that contains two mutant genes. If complementation occurs, the mutations are almost non-allelic (in different genes). On the other hand, in epistasis, one or more genes cannot be expressed because of another genetic factor hindering their expression. Thus, this the summary of the difference between complementation and epistasis.

参考：

1。“Complementation (Genetics).” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 7 Dec. 2020,在这里可用。
2.“专业的生物学。”流明，在这里可用。

图片提供：

1. Sumita Roy Dutta的“互补-BN” - 文件：recementation.svg（CC BY-SA 4.0）通过下议院维基梅迪亚
2。“Epistasis” By Sciencia58 – Own work. Source: Neil A. Campbell, Jane B. Reece: Biologie. Spektrum-Verlag Heidelberg-Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-8274-1352-4, page 306 (CC0) via下议院维基梅迪亚