Thekey differencebetween carbothermic and metallothermic reduction is thatin carbothermic reduction, thereducing agentis carbon, whereas, in metallothermic reduction, the reducing agent is a metal.
Carbothermic reduction and metallothermic reduction are very important reactions in obtaining pure metal. These reactions are applied mainly in industrial processes.
内容
1.Overview and Key Difference
2.What is Carbothermic Reduction
3.What is Metallothermic Reduction
4.——Carbothermic vs Metallot并排比较hermic Reduction in Tabular Form
5.概括
What is Carbothermic Reduction?
Carbothermic reduction reaction is a type of chemical reaction in which the reduction of substances such asmetal oxideoccurs in the presence of carbon. Here, carbon tends to act as the reducing agent. Usually, this type of chemical reactions occurs at very high temperatures. These carbothermic reduction reactions are very important in the production of the elemental forms of many elements. We can easily predict the ability of metals to participate in carbothermic reactions using Ellingham diagrams.
Ellingham diagram is a graph that shows the temperature dependence of the stability of compounds. Generally, this analysis is useful in elevating the ease of reduction of metal oxides and sulfides. The name comes from its discovery by Harold Ellingham in 1944.
图01：埃灵厄姆图
碳热还原反应有时能够产生一氧化碳甚至二氧化碳。我们可以描述有关熵变化的反应物向产品的转化。在此反应中，两种固体化合物（金属氧化物和碳）转化为新的固体化合物（金属）和一个气体（一氧化碳或二氧化碳）。后一种反应具有高熵。
There are many applications of carbothermic reduction reactions, including iron ore smelting as the major application. Here, iron ore is reduced in the presence of carbon as the reducing agent. This reaction gives iron metal and carbon dioxide as products. Another important example is theLeblanc processwhere sodium sulfate reacts with carbon, giving sodium sulfide and carbon dioxide.
What is Metallothermic Reduction?
Metallothermic reduction reaction is a type of chemical reaction that is conducted to obtain a target metal or alloy from feed material such as oxides or chlorides through using a metal as a reducing agent. Most of the reactive metals are obtained through this reduction process. E.g. titanium metal.
A common example of this type of reaction is the purification of niobium metal. In this reduction reaction, niobium oxide is reduced by aluminum metal to give niobium metal and aluminum oxide. It is an exothermic reaction where oxide impurities slag, and we can remove them from the molten niobium metal.
碳热分和金属放热降低有什么区别？
碳热的还原和金属放热还原是获得纯金属的非常重要的反应。Carbothermic reduction reaction is a type of chemical reaction in which the reduction of substances such as metal oxide occurs in the presence of carbon. A metallothermic reduction reaction, on the other hand, is a type of chemical reaction is conducted to get a target metal or alloy from feed material such as oxides or chlorides through using a metal as a reducing agent. The key difference between carbothermic and metallothermic reduction is that in carbothermic reduction the reducing agent is carbon whereas in metallothermic reduction the reducing agent is a metal.
Below infographic summarizes the differences between carbothermic and metallothermic reduction in tabular form.
概括– Carbothermic vs Metallothermic Reduction
碳热的还原和金属放热还原是获得纯金属的非常重要的反应。碳热分和金属热还原之间的关键区别在于，在碳热还原中，还原剂是碳，而在金属放热还原中，还原剂是金属。
Reference:
1.“Metallothermic Reduction.” Science Direct,Available here.
Image Courtesy:
1. “Ellingham Richardson-diagram english” By DerSilberspiegel – {{Self-made with most data from here [1]}} (CC BY-SA 4.0）viaCommons Wikimedia
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