这关键区别在噬菌体和TMV之间噬菌体是病毒它会感染特定细菌,而TMV是一种感染烟草和广泛植物的病毒。
Viruses are tiny infectious particles that replicate only inside a living organism. They are专有细胞内寄生虫that are capable of infecting almost all living organisms, including animals, plants, fungi, protozoa and bacteria. They are composed of a protein capsid and aDNA或RNAgenome. The genome of the virus can be either DNA or RNA, single-stranded or double-stranded, circular or linear. A bacteriophage is a virus which attacks bacteria and replicates using bacterial replication machinery. Bacteriophages are the most abundant viruses in the biosphere, and they can have either DNA or RNA genomes. TMV or Tobacco Mosaic Virus is a plant virus. It infects tobacco and many other plants such as crops, ornamentals and weeds.
CONTENTS
1。概述和关键差异
2。What is a Bacteriophage
3。What is a TMV
4。Similarities Between Bacteriophage and TMV
5。Side by Side Comparison – Bacteriophage vs TMV in Tabular Form
6.Summary
什么是噬菌体?
A bacteriophage (phage) is a virus which infects and propagates inside a specific bacterium. They are also known as bacteria eaters since they act as bactericidal agents. Bacteriophages were discovered by Frederick W. Twort in 1915, and they were named as bacteriophages by Felix d’Herelle in 1917. They are the most abundant agents on earth. They are composed of a genome and a protein capsid. Bacteriophage genome can be either DNA or RNA, but, majority of bacteriophages are double-stranded DNA viruses.
噬菌体特异性是一种细菌或一组细菌。它们以其感染的细菌菌株或细菌菌株的名字命名。例如,感染的噬菌体大肠杆菌are called coliphages. Bacteriophages show different shapes. The most common shape is the head and tail shape.
噬菌体应感染宿主细胞以繁殖。它们使用其表面受体紧密连接到细菌细胞壁上,并将其遗传物质注入宿主细胞。噬菌体可以经历两种类型的感染模式,例如裂解和溶菌循环。这取决于噬菌体的类型。在裂解周期中,噬菌体感染细菌并通过裂解迅速杀死宿主细菌细胞。在溶菌发生循环中,病毒遗传材料与细菌基因组或质粒整合,并存在于宿主细胞中几代中,而无需杀死宿主细菌。
Phages have various applications in molecular biology. They are used to treat pathogenic bacterial strains which are resistant to antibiotics. Moreover, they can be used to identify specific bacteria in disease diagnosis.
什么是TMV?
烟草病毒(TMV)是一种感染宿主植物烟草的植物病毒。因此,TMV是烟草病原体。除烟草外,TMV还可以感染各种各样的植物,包括许多农作物,装饰品和杂草。TMV是研究最多的植物病毒之一。实际上,这是第一个被鉴定出来的病毒。从结构上讲,它是一种阳性的单链RNA病毒。它是一种螺旋病毒,由2130个单个结构蛋白的亚基组成,由蛋白质衣壳中的157个氨基酸组成。
TMV通过感染的SAP机械扩散。TMV感染的主要症状是叶子上的“马赛克”类似斑点和变色。TMV与番茄镶嵌病毒(TOMV)密切相关。TMV通过受伤的组织进入植物细胞。成功的TMV感染需要在入侵细胞,细胞间运动和全身运输中进行初始建立和积累。TMV仅在活细胞内乘以。但是它可以在死组织中休眠状态下生存多年,以保留其感染生长植物的能力。
没有化学物质可以治疗TMV。一些实践,例如种植无病毒的植物,去除杂草,清除农作物碎屑,丢弃感染的植物,消毒工具和从种子中传播植物等,可以避免TMV感染。
如果是什么milarities Between Bacteriophage and TMV?
- 噬菌体和TMV是病毒。
- 这y are obligate intracellular parasites.
- 两者都是引起疾病的传染性颗粒。
- 这y are composed of a protein capsid and a nucleic acid genome.
- 它们仅在活细胞内繁殖。
- 噬菌体和TMV都是特定物种的。
噬菌体和TMV有什么区别?
噬菌体是一种感染病毒的细菌,而TMV是一种主要感染烟草植物的植物病毒。因此,这是噬菌体和TMV之间的关键区别。此外,大多数噬菌体具有头尾结构,而TMV是棒状病毒。因此,这是噬菌体和TMV之间的另一个区别。
这below infographic summarizes the difference between bacteriophage and TMV in tabular form.
摘要 - 噬菌体与TMV
噬菌体是一种仅在细菌内感染和复制的病毒。TMV是一种病毒,可在烟草细胞和其他茄科植物内感染和复制。这是噬菌体和TMV之间的关键区别。大多数噬菌体具有头部,腿部和尾巴形状,而TMV是一种类似棒状的病毒。噬菌体可以具有DNA或RNA基因组,而TMV具有单链RNA基因组。因此,这是噬菌体和TMV之间差异的摘要。
参考:
1. Moorman,Gary W.“烟叶病毒(TMV)。”宾夕法尼亚州扩展,2021年1月27日,在这里可用。
2。Kasman, Laura M. “Bacteriophages.” StatPearls [Internet]., U.S. National Library of Medicine, 1 Oct. 2020,在这里可用。
图片提供:
1。“Structure of a Myoviridae bacteriophage 2” By Chelsea Bonnain, Mya Breitbart and Kristen N. Buck – extracted from this Commons file(CC BY-SA 4.0)通过下议院维基梅迪亚
2. Thomas Splettstoesser(www.scistyle.com)的“ TMV结构已满” - 自己的工作(CC BY-SA 3.0)通过下议院维基梅迪亚
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