酸和碱之间的差异|比较类似术语之间的差异

酸和碱之间的关键区别在于acids have pH values ranging from 1 to 7 whereas bases have pH values ranging from 7 to 14.

pH值是减去对数的H⁺离子concentration. pH 7 is considered as the neutral pH. pH values higher than 7 indicates the presence of a base while values below 7 indicate the presence of acids. According to the Brønsted-Lowry theory, acids can release H⁺离子虽然碱可以接受h⁺离子。

1。概述和关键差异
2。什么是酸
3。What is a Base
4。并排比较 - 表格形式的酸与基础
5。Summary

什么是酸？

酸是物质在寡糖pH值小于7r aqueous solution. The presence of an acidic medium can be determined using litmus papers. Acids can turn blue litmus red. However, there is no change in color if red litmus is used. Compounds having easily ionizable Hydrogen atoms are often acids.

According to the Brønsted-Lowry theory, an acid is a substance that can release protons (H⁺离子）在水性介质中时到培养基。当h⁺离子已释放，这些离子不能单独存在于水性培养基中。因此，这些离子与水分子结合，形成H₃o⁺离子s (hydronium ions). The presence of hydronium ions, thus, indicates the presence of an acid.

根据Arrhenius理论，一种酸是一种可以增加水性介质中氢化离子量的物质。这是由于H的增加而发生的⁺离子。换句话说，酸会释放h⁺离子s, which can interact with water molecules to form hydronium ions.

When considering the Lewis theory, an acid is a compound that is able to accept a pair of electrons from a共价化学键。Based on this definition, substances that have no hydrogen atoms are also categorized as acids due to their ability to accept electron pairs.

酸的特性

An acid typically has a sour taste. The pH of an acid is always less than 7. Almost all acids have a burning odor. The texture of an acid is sticky rather than slippery. Furthermore, acids can react with metals (even highly unreactive metals) to form metal hydride and hydrogen gas.

What is a Base?

碱是在水溶液中显示高于7的物质。溶液的碱性导致红色石碑的颜色变成蓝色。因此，可以使用红色石碑确定基座的存在。但是，当使用蓝色石碑时，底座没有颜色变化。具有易于离子羟基的化合物通常是碱。

根据Brønsted-Lowry理论，基础是质子受体。换句话说，碱可以接受水性介质的质子。然而，阿尔尼修斯理论也给出了类似的定义：碱是一种降低介质中存在的氢离子量的物质。由于碱获得H，因此氢气离子浓度降低⁺离子或质子来自水性介质。这些离子是形成氢离子所必需的。

图1：酸和碱的比较

When considering the Lewis theory, a base is a substance that can donate electron pairs. These substances donate electron pairs and formcoordinate covalent bonds。According to this theory, most compounds which have no OH- groups become bases.

基础的特性

基地有苦味。这些物质总是显示出高于7的pH值。除氨外，几乎所有碱都是无味的。氨气有刺激性的气味。与酸不同，碱会感觉滑。与酸反应时，碱会被中和。

酸和碱有什么区别？

Acid vs Base
An acid is a substance that shows pH value lower than 7 when it is in an aqueous solution	碱是一种在水溶液中显示高于7的物质的物质
Definition based on Brønsted-Lowry Theory
An acid is a substance that can release protons (H+ ions) to the medium when it is in an aqueous medium.	基础是质子受体；换句话说，碱可以接受水性介质的质子。
Definition based on Arrhenius Theory
An acid is a substance that can increase the amount of hydronium ions in an aqueous medium.	碱是可以减少水性介质中氢化离子量的物质。
Definition based on Lewis Theory
酸是一种能够接受共价化学键的电子。	碱是可以捐赠电子对的物质。
石榴石的颜色变化
酸会变成蓝色的石榴石，但红色石碑没有颜色变化。	Bases can turn red litmus blue, but there is no color change in blue litmus.
Taste
Aids have a sour taste.	基地有苦味。
odor
Acids have a burning odor.	碱是无味的，除了氨除外。
Ionization
Acids can form hydronium ions when ionized.	离子化时碱会形成羟基离子。
结合化学物种
酸的结合物种是其结合碱。	碱的共轭物种是其共轭酸。
中和
酸可以使用碱中和。	A base can be neutralized using an acid.
滴定
酸用中和碱滴定。	碱与酸反应进行中和。

摘要 - 酸与基础

所有化合物都可以分为酸，碱和中性化合物。酸和碱之间的关键区别在于，酸的pH值范围从1到7，而碱的pH值范围为7到14。

参考：

1。Helmenstine, Anne Marie. “Here’s What an Acid Is in Chemistry.” ThoughtCo,在这里可用。
2. Helmenstine，Anne Marie。“关键的酸和基础定义。”Thinkeco，在这里可用。
3。Libretexts. “Overview of Acids and Bases.” Chemistry LibreTexts, Libretexts, 13 Feb. 2017,在这里可用。