The科学和伪科学之间的关键区别is that science is based on scientific and factual evidence, whereas pseudoscience is not.
In science, scientists use careful observation and experimentation to reject or confirm a假设关于某种现象。他们寻求对理论和法律的证据，并仔细研究它们。如果无法证明该假设，则将其丢弃。但是，在伪科学中，假设的创建者只会寻找证据来支持他/她的假设。他/她没有进行科学实验，忽略或隐藏了冲突的证据。
内容
1.Overview and Key Difference
2.什么是科学
3.什么是伪科学
4.科学与伪科学以表格形式
5.摘要 - 科学与伪科学
什么是科学？
科学is the mechanism by which phenomena are explained with facts. Some definitions state that it is a set of principles used to explain facts and phenomena. Scientific explanations are based on evidence; opinions, theories, tools and methods, results or indicators, and thorough discussions provide stable explanations for phenomena.
One of the most important features of scientific method is that it is rigorous and meticulous, and those properties result in accurate validations from several sources of information. Those sources of information are authentic, and the truthfulness is always checked through validating techniques. Science does not use irrational criteria to come up with a conclusion; it always uses the rational and unbiased methodology. A scientist always follows the scientific method to explain a certain phenomenon or a set of processes.
One of the most important features of science is that most of the new findings are related to the past discoveries. Some of those are extensions while there are some explanations that invalidate the former ones. Charles Darwin’s explanation of evolution is a scientific theory that changed the world. The explanation of the DNA structure by Watson and Crick is another scientific discovery that has been able to describe many biological phenomena inside organisms.
什么是伪科学?
伪科学is a collection of beliefs or practices that claim to be scientific and factual but are incompatible with thescientific method。牛津英语词典将其定义为“假装或虚假科学；关于世界的相关信念的集合被错误地认为是基于科学方法或具有科学真理现在具有的地位。”伪科学只是真正的科学的假装或化妆舞会。它不涉及适当的科学证据来解释现象。这意味着；可能有肤浅的信念或无法解释的证据来解释过程或一组过程。
How to Identify Pseudoscience?
It’s often difficult to understand the difference between science and pseudoscience. But there are some indicators that would help people to understand something as pseudoscience.
- 使用模糊和夸大——采用科学entific claims that are not precise, little explanation, showing lack of understanding about basic principles of science
- 过于依靠确认而不是反驳 - 过多地依靠个人经验和推荐，而忽略了可以通过观察或物理实验证明某事物是错误的逻辑可能性，坚持认为必须证明不可证明错误的说法必须是真实的。
- 拒绝由该领域的专家进行测试 - 逃避同行审查，声称需要保密或专有知识
- 缺乏进步 - 索赔保持不变，随着时间的流逝，什么都没有学到
What is the Difference Between Science and Pseudoscience?
科学和伪科学之间的关键区别在于，科学是基于科学和事实证据的，而伪科学不是。In science, scientists use careful observation and experimentation to reject or confirm a hypothesis. They also search for evidence against theories and laws and study them closely. However, in pseudoscience, creator of a hypothesis only looks for evidence to support his/her hypothesis; he/she performs no scientific experimentation and ignores or hides conflicting evidence.
Another difference between science and pseudoscience is that science uses arguments based on logical or mathematical reasoning whereas pseudoscience often attempts to appeal to emotions, faith, and distrust of science. In addition, science does not accept personal experiences or testimonials as evidence whereas pseudoscience may accept personal experiences or testimonials as evidence.
摘要 - 科学与伪科学
伪科学是声称具有科学和事实的信念或实践的集合，但与科学方法不相容。科学和伪科学之间的关键区别在于，科学是基于科学和事实证据的，而伪科学不是。
Reference:
1. Carroll, Bradley W. “科学和伪科学。”Department of Physics & Astronomy, Weber State University.
2. “伪科学。”维基百科，Wikimedia Foundation，2021年10月5日。
Image Courtesy:
1.“”科学方法” By Efbrazil – Own work(CC BY-SA 4.0)通过Commons Wikimedia
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