先天与学识的行为
行为是生物体对环境或环境变化的直接反应。但是,响应方式可以通过两种主要方式进行,无论是先天的行为还是学习的行为。这两种行为之间存在许多差异,本文讨论了最重要的差异。
先天的行为
先天行为所表现出的自然反应an organism to a stimulus. A stimulus could be either external or internal. Innate behaviours are said to be developmentally fixed, which means such responses take place in an organism by default. One of the most common examples used to describe the innate behaviour is that a baby starts crying when they are not comfortable. It is highly advantageous for the baby who is incapable of asking for help from others verbally, but crying would gain the needed attention from parents. When the newborn child is taken close to the breast nipple of the mother, the child starts suckling. The child does not essentially have to know how it works, but the process of nourishing takes place perfectly as the suckling starts. The tickling under armpits of a particular person makes the hand close down rapidly to avoid tickling.
先天行为的最重要特征之一是,不必教授关于如何响应刺激的生物体。先天行为对俘虏动物的育种者和守护者很重要。动物有自己的一系列先天行为,当相关刺激存在时,不能阻止这种行为。如果动物的反应是危险的,则可以防止刺激;否则,可以触发有利的行为。
学习的行为
被动物本身学习或其他人教学的行为是学习的行为。大多数哺乳动物,尤其是人类和灵长类动物,都表现出一系列学习的行为。自愿神经系统,尤其是大脑的参与对于学习的行为很重要。人类表现出的大多数行为都是学到的行为。言语,步行,玩游戏,阅读,写作以及人类的许多其他行为是学会的行为。随着进化的发展,具有较大脑能力的动物一直在蓬勃发展,因为它们可以发展出学习的行为。这些行为可以修改先天行为以比以前的状态获得更好的结果。一个孩子开始哭泣作为一种天生的行为,但是随着年龄的增长,孩子得知哭泣会使他/她受益。因此,根据孩子的需要对哭泣的方式进行修改,以便进行恰当地进行治疗。
These are well conditioned responses to previously studied stimuli. Innately crying behaviour of a child for stomachache is changed into non-crying medicine seeking learned behaviour with age as a result of learning. Innately inherited behaviours, such as physical guarding by hand to prevent being hit from an object, can be modified to as a learned behaviour in a game of boxing or baseball to score points. When most of the behaviours are thought of, it could be envisaged that the highest percentage belongs to the learned behaviours.
先天和学识渊博的行为有什么区别?
•天生的行为是自然而然的或默认情况下的,但应通过经验来发展学习的行为。
•不能修改先天行为,但是在修改修改时称为学习行为。另一方面,可以轻松修改学习的行为。
•先天的行为可能会或可能不会直接参与大脑,但学到的行为肯定确实存在。
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