ATX和Micro ATX之间的差异

ATX vs微ATX

ATX和Micro ATX是台式计算机的形式。他们定义了计算机系统的尺寸，功率需求和供应，外围连接器/附加组和连接器类型的特定性质。它主要涉及主板，电源单元和计算机系统底盘的配置。

ATX

ATX是Intel Corporation在1995年创建的主板的规范标准，作为AT标准的进步。ATX代表高级技术扩展。这是台式机类型计算机硬件配置的第一个重大更改。

The specification defines the mechanical dimensions, mounting points, Input/ Output panel power and connector interfaces between the motherboard, power supply, and the chassis. With the new specification, interchangeability was introduced in many components of the hardware, in desktop computers.

A full-size ATX board measures 12 inches × 9.6 inches (305 mm × 244 mm). ATX standard introduced the capability to use a separate section of the system for add-ons and extensions for the motherboard, and it is often called the Input/ output panel, which is the panel at the back of the chassis and used to connect devices. The configuration of the I/O panel is set by the manufacturer, but the standard allows ease of access which was not present in the earlier AT configuration.

ATX also introduced PS2 mini-DIN connectors for connecting keyboards and mouse to the motherboards. 25 pin parallel port and RS- 232 serial port were the predominant form of peripheral connectors in the early ATX motherboards. Later, the Universal Serial Bus (USB) connectors have replaced the above connectors. Also Ethernet, FireWire, eSATA, audio ports (both analog and S/PDIF), video (analog D-sub, DVI, HDMI) are installed in the newer versions of the ATX motherboards.

Some crucial changes were made to the ATX power supply too. ATX uses a power supply with three main output voltages at +3.3 V, +5 V, and +12 V. Low-power −12 V and a 5 V standby voltage are also used. The power is connected to the motherboard using a 20 pin connector, which can only be connected in a singular way. This removes the potential of connecting the power supply incorrectly and causing irrecoverable damage to the system, which was a shortcoming of the previous versions. It also gives a +3.3V supply directly and removes the requirement that 3.3V be derived from the 5V supply.

Also, ATX Power supply uses a power switch connected to the power button on the computer case and modification allow the computer to be turned off through the operating system.

Micro ATX

Micro ATX is a standard introduced in 1997 based on the ATX specification. It is also referred to asuATX, mATX, orµATX. The primary difference of the standard comes from the dimensions of the computer system. The maximum size of a micro ATX motherboard is 244 mm × 244 mm.

The micro ATX can be considered as a derivative of the ATX standard. The mounting points are the same; hence allows micro ATX motherboards to be compatible with the chassis of a standard ATX system board. The main I/O panel and the power connectors are the same, allowing peripherals and devices to be interchangeable. TA standard ATX PSU can be used in a microATX system without any problem. They also use the same configuration of chipset, but the size defined in the standard limits the number of expansion slots available.

ATX vs微ATX

•ATX是Intel Corporation在1995年引入的台式计算机的硬件（主板）规范，这是根据现有规范的进步。

• MicroATX is a hardware specification introduced based on the ATX specification standard; therefore, it is compatible with the peripherals and add-on devices used for ATX computers. The power supply, I/O panel, and connectors are the same.

• MicroATX is smaller than the standard ATX configuration. It has less expansion slots and fan headers than a standard ATX.

• Chassis of a micro ATX is smaller, but microATX motherboard can be installed in a standard ATX board too.